Saudi Arabia
Description of Saudi Arabia
Saudi Arabia, a dominant player in the Middle East and a key member of the Gulf Cooperation Council, is renowned for its vast oil reserves, serving as the world's largest exporter of petroleum. Beyond its role in global energy markets, Saudi Arabia has embarked on ambitious economic diversification efforts outlined in its Vision 2030 plan, aiming to reduce dependence on oil revenues and develop non-oil sectors such as tourism, entertainment, and technology. With its strategic geopolitical location, Saudi Arabia plays a crucial role in regional stability and is a significant influencer in Arab and Islamic affairs. This website delves into the economic, political, and societal landscape of Saudi Arabia, providing valuable insights into its development trajectory and its relationships with other nations.
Population And Age Structure
Population, total: Saudi Arabia's population of 35,997,107 ranks 41 out of 194 countries. It is below the average population of 40,097,746.59.
Population ages 0-14 (% of total population): With 26.04%, Saudi Arabia is below the average of 27.34%. It ranks 99 out of 194 countries.
Population ages 0-14, total: Saudi Arabia's population of 9,374,031 is below the average of 10,327,379.98. It ranks 46 out of 194 countries.
Population ages 15-64 (% of total population): Saudi Arabia's 71.56% falls above the average of 63.44%. It ranks 13 out of 194 countries.
Population ages 15-64, total: Saudi Arabia's population of 25,760,357 is slightly below the average of 26,003,407.49. It ranks 34 out of 194 countries.
Population ages 65 and above (% of total population): With 2.40%, Saudi Arabia is well below the average of 9.22%. It ranks 188 out of 194 countries.
Population ages 65 and above, total: Saudi Arabia's population of 862,719 is significantly lower than the average of 3,766,959.08. It ranks 78 out of 194 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia has a total population below the global average, with a lower percentage of young individuals (ages 0-14) and a higher percentage of working-age individuals (ages 15-64). However, the country has a significantly lower percentage and total number of elderly individuals (ages 65 and above) compared to the global average. These demographic indicators are crucial as they impact various aspects of the economy, such as labor force dynamics, healthcare requirements, social welfare needs, and overall economic development strategies.
Population Miscellaneous
Rural population in Saudi Arabia is 5,656,225, which is significantly below the average of 18,044,041. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 75 out of 190 countries included in the data set.
The percentage of rural population in Saudi Arabia is 15.713%, lower than the average of 41.158%. Saudi Arabia ranks 162 out of 190 countries in this aspect.
Urban population in Saudi Arabia stands at 30,340,882, higher than the average of 22,425,747. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 31 out of 194 countries included in the data set.
Saudi Arabia's urban population percentage is 84.287%, above the average of 59.691%. This puts Saudi Arabia at rank 33 out of 194 countries.
The age dependency ratio in Saudi Arabia is 39.738%, below the average of 59.219%. Saudi Arabia ranks 182 out of 194 countries in this aspect.
The crude birth rate in Saudi Arabia is 18.238 per 1,000 people, slightly below the average of 19.384. Saudi Arabia ranks 88 out of 192 countries in this category.
With a crude death rate of 2.913 per 1,000 people, Saudi Arabia is below the average of 8.214. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 189 out of 192 countries in the dataset.
Saudi Arabia's total fertility rate is 2.465 births per woman, slightly lower than the average of 2.603. Saudi Arabia ranks 80 out of 190 countries in terms of fertility rate.
Summary
Saudi Arabia exhibits a lower rural population and higher urban population compared to global averages, indicating a significant urbanization trend. The country also has a relatively low age dependency ratio, crude birth rate, and fertility rate, suggesting a more mature demographic profile with implications for future workforce and population growth dynamics.
Military
1. Military expenditure (current USD): Saudi Arabia's military expenditure of $64,558,400,000 is significantly higher than the average of $12,904,993,617.16509. With a rank of 4 out of 149 countries, Saudi Arabia ranks high in military spending.
2. Military expenditure (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia allocates 9.18% of its GDP to military spending, much higher than the average of 1.90%. Ranking 1st out of 148 countries, Saudi Arabia shows a strong commitment to defense.
3. Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values): Saudi Arabia's arms imports amount to $2,491,000,000, surpassing the average of $205,522,123.89. This places Saudi Arabia 2nd out of 113 countries in terms of arms imports.
4. Armed forces personnel, total: Saudi Arabia has 282,000 armed forces personnel, higher than the average of 165,908.54. Ranking 25th out of 164 countries, Saudi Arabia maintains a sizable military force.
5. Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force): Saudi Arabia's armed forces personnel comprise 1.76% of its total labor force, which exceeds the average of 1.28%. With a rank of 32 out of 164 countries, Saudi Arabia demonstrates a significant military presence in its labor force.
Summary
Saudi Arabia stands out for its robust investment in military capabilities, with significantly higher military expenditure, a larger share of GDP allocated to defense, substantial arms imports, and a considerable number of armed forces personnel compared to global averages. These indicators underscore Saudi Arabia's strong commitment to national security and defense readiness, positioning the country as a key player in the regional and global security landscape.
Natural Resources
- Saudi Arabia has a Forest area of 9770 sq. km, significantly below the attribute average of
211606.11465968585 sq. km. It ranks 124 out of 191 countries in the dataset.
- The Land area in Saudi Arabia is 2149690 sq. km, much higher than the attribute average of
665166.5119639175 sq. km. It ranks 12 out of 194 countries.
- With a Surface area of 2149690 sq. km, Saudi Arabia exceeds the attribute average of 689779.5605412371
sq. km. It holds the 12th position out of 194 countries.
- Saudi Arabia has Arable land covering 3430000 hectares, far below the attribute average of
7329543.16368421 hectares. It ranks 63 out of 190 countries.
- The Land under cereal production in Saudi Arabia is 259567 hectares, significantly lower than the
attribute average of 4206011.6321839085 hectares. It ranks 117 out of 174 countries.
- The Average precipitation in depth for Saudi Arabia is 59 mm per year, much lower than the attribute
average of 1157.8320224719102 mm per year. It ranks 176 out of 178 countries.
- Saudi Arabia's Renewable internal freshwater resources stand at 2.4 billion cubic meters, far below the
attribute average of 240.4108882022471 billion cubic meters. It ranks 148 out of 178 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's key macroeconomic indicators reveal a significant disparity in its environmental resources compared to global averages. The country's low forest area, arable land, land under cereal production, average precipitation, and renewable freshwater resources are crucial factors for its agricultural productivity, water security, and environmental sustainability. These indicators highlight the challenges Saudi Arabia may face in ensuring food self-sufficiency, managing water resources efficiently, and maintaining ecological balance in the long term.
Resource Rents
Analysis of key natural resource rents statistics in Saudi Arabia:
1. Total natural resources rents (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's value of 17.32% is significantly higher than the average of 4.63%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 11 out of 175 countries.
2. Forest rents (% of GDP): With a value of 0.001%, Saudi Arabia is well below the average of 1.53%. This puts Saudi Arabia at rank 165 out of 174 countries.
3. Oil rents (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's 15.98% is notably higher than the average of 2.51%, ranking Saudi Arabia at 5 out of 117 countries.
4. Natural gas rents (% of GDP): At 1.28%, Saudi Arabia slightly exceeds the average of 1.25%. The country is ranked 20 out of 96 countries.
5. Mineral rents (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's 0.06% is significantly lower than the average of 1.23%. This places the country at rank 60 out of 86 countries.
Summary
The analysis of key natural resource rents statistics in Saudi Arabia reveals that the country heavily relies on oil rents, with a notably higher percentage compared to the global average. This dominance in oil rents positions Saudi Arabia as a significant player in the global oil market. However, the country lags behind in other natural resource rents such as forest and mineral rents, indicating potential areas for diversification of its resource-based economy.
Commodities
Saudi Arabia's Cereal production of 1,250,955 metric tons is significantly below the average of 17,249,945. The country ranks 103 out of 174 countries in this attribute.
In Aquaculture production, Saudi Arabia's value of 99,906.61 metric tons falls far short of the average of 679,642.92. This places the country at rank 39 out of 180 countries.
With a Capture fisheries production of 57,805 metric tons, Saudi Arabia lags behind the average of 467,453.06 metric tons. The country holds the 96th position out of 190 countries.
Saudi Arabia's Total fisheries production stands at 157,711.61 metric tons, well below the average of 1,153,914.85 metric tons. The country ranks 68 out of 182 countries in this aspect.
The Fertilizer consumption in Saudi Arabia is 88.66 kilograms per hectare of arable land, which is lower than the average of 159.04 kilograms. The country ranks 97 out of 187 countries in this category.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's agricultural and fisheries production figures, as well as fertilizer consumption, are significantly below global averages, leading to lower rankings in these sectors internationally. These indicators are crucial as they highlight areas where Saudi Arabia may need to invest in order to improve food security, agricultural self-sufficiency, and sustainability, especially considering the country's arid climate and reliance on imports for food.
Intellectual Property
1. Industrial design applications, nonresident, by count: Saudi Arabia has 411 applications, which is below the average of 1415.83. Saudi Arabia is ranked 46 out of 112 countries in this attribute.
2. Industrial design applications, resident, by count: With 537 applications, Saudi Arabia is below the average of 9799.58. It ranks 40 out of 113 countries.
3. Patent applications, nonresidents: Saudi Arabia's 2274 applications are below the average of 6538.40. The country ranks 25 out of 129 countries in this aspect.
4. Patent applications, residents: Saudi Arabia has 1294 applications, which is below the average of 19037.56. It ranks 28 out of 117 countries.
5. Trademark applications, nonresident, by count: Saudi Arabia's 9897 applications are below the average of 15878.93. The country is ranked 39 out of 130 countries.
6. Trademark applications, resident, by count: With 20287 applications, Saudi Arabia is below the average of 111055.78 and ranks 36 out of 129 countries.
7. Scientific and technical journal articles: Saudi Arabia has 17321.16 articles, which is above the average of 15103.76. It ranks 25 out of 192 countries in this attribute.
8. Researchers in R&D (per million people): Saudi Arabia has 435.44 researchers, below the average of 2556.45, and ranks 57 out of 72 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia falls below the global average in several key macroeconomic indicators such as industrial design applications, patent applications, trademark applications, and researchers in R&D. Despite performing above average in scientific and technical journal articles, the country lags behind in fostering innovation and intellectual property development. This could impact Saudi Arabia's competitiveness and ability to drive long-term economic growth and technological advancement as compared to other nations.
Broad Economy Attributes
1. The GDP (current US$) of Saudi Arabia is $734.27 billion, which is above the average GDP of $442.87 billion. Saudi Arabia ranks 19th out of 189 countries included in the data for this attribute.
2. Saudi Arabia's GDP, PPP (current international $) is $1.70 trillion, significantly higher than the average GDP of $734.14 billion. The country ranks 17th out of 181 countries in this category.
3. Saudi Arabia's GDP per capita (current US$) is $20,398, higher than the average GDP per capita of $15,462. Saudi Arabia ranks 43rd out of 190 countries in this measure.
4. In terms of GDP per capita, PPP (current international $), Saudi Arabia's value of $47,279 is well above the average of $21,252. The country ranks 24th out of 181 countries.
5. The GNI (current US$) of Saudi Arabia is $748.22 billion, surpassing the average GNI of $452.04 billion. Saudi Arabia ranks 18th out of 185 countries in this aspect.
6. Saudi Arabia's GNI, PPP (current international $) is $1.73 trillion, significantly higher than the average GNI of $730.70 billion. The country ranks 17th out of 181 countries in this category.
7. The GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) in Saudi Arabia is $48,180, which is higher than the average GNI per capita of $20,616. Saudi Arabia ranks 22nd out of 181 countries in this measure.
Summary
Saudi Arabia exhibits strong economic performance across key indicators such as GDP, GDP per capita, and Gross National Income (GNI). The country ranks significantly above average in terms of GDP, GDP per capita, and GNI metrics, signaling a robust economy with high levels of production and income. This is crucial as it indicates the country's economic power, potential for investment, and standard of living for its citizens, positioning Saudi Arabia as a prominent player in the global economy.
Broad Value Added
1. Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$): Saudi Arabia has a GVA of $702.99 billion, ranking 18 out of 176 countries. This is significantly above the average GVA of $360.07 billion.
2. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's value added in this sector is 2.96% of GDP, ranking 132 out of 182 countries. It is below the average of 10.86%.
3. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$): With a value of $21.74 billion, Saudi Arabia ranks 29 out of 182 countries, higher than the average value of $19.92 billion.
4. Services, value added (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's service sector contributes 53.16% to GDP, ranking 117 out of 183 countries, slightly below the average of 56.72%.
5. Services, value added (current US$): The country has a service value of $390.35 billion, ranking 20 out of 183 countries, above the average of $295.84 billion.
6. Industry (including construction), value added (current US$): Saudi Arabia's industry sector amounts to $290.91 billion, ranking 15 out of 183 countries. This is significantly higher than the average of $118.42 billion.
Summary
Saudi Arabia demonstrates a strong economy with a high Gross Value Added at basic prices, exceeding the global average. The country has a relatively lower contribution from the Agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors compared to the average, but excels in the Services and Industry sectors, showcasing diversification and economic resilience. These indicators are crucial for understanding Saudi Arabia's economic structure, development trajectory, and potential for sustained growth.
Manufacturing Value Added
Manufacturing, value added (current US$): In Saudi Arabia, the manufacturing value added is $92.8 billion, which is above the average of $76.2 billion. Saudi Arabia ranks 22 out of 173 countries in this indicator.
Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's manufacturing value added as a percentage of GDP is 12.64%, slightly higher than the average of 11.90%. It ranks 76 out of 173 countries in this aspect.
Medium and high-tech manufacturing value added (% manufacturing value added): Saudi Arabia's focus on medium and high-tech manufacturing is significant at 36.70%, well above the average of 24.49%. The country ranks 40 out of 149 countries in this category.
Chemicals (% of value added in manufacturing): Saudi Arabia's emphasis on chemicals in manufacturing is notable at 28.92%, significantly exceeding the average of 11.56%. It ranks 5 out of 89 countries in this metric.
Food, beverages and tobacco (% of value added in manufacturing): Saudi Arabia's focus on food, beverages, and tobacco in manufacturing is 13.14%, below the average of 24.51%. The country ranks 68 out of 92 countries in this field.
Machinery and transport equipment (% of value added in manufacturing): The contribution of machinery and transport equipment to manufacturing in Saudi Arabia is 4.18%, well below the average of 16.85%. The country ranks 74 out of 93 countries in this aspect.
Textiles and clothing (% of value added in manufacturing): Saudi Arabia's focus on textiles and clothing in manufacturing is 2.71%, significantly below the average of 6.33%. The country ranks 54 out of 93 countries in this category.
Other manufacturing (% of value added in manufacturing): Saudi Arabia allocates 51.05% of its manufacturing value added to other manufacturing activities, demonstrating a strong emphasis compared to the average of 42.13%. The country ranks 20 out of 94 countries in this aspect.
Summary
Saudi Arabia demonstrates a strong manufacturing sector with a total value added of $92.8 billion, above the global average. The country's focus on medium and high-tech manufacturing as well as chemicals stands out, surpassing international benchmarks. However, there is room for growth in sectors like machinery and textiles.
These statistics are crucial for understanding Saudi Arabia's economic diversification efforts and its competitiveness in the global market. The emphasis on high-tech manufacturing and chemicals indicates a move towards higher value-added production, which can boost innovation, create skilled jobs, and enhance economic resilience in the long run.
Money
Inflation, consumer prices (annual %): Saudi Arabia's inflation rate of 3.45% is below the average of 8.26%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 50 out of 165 countries included in the data.
Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %): Saudi Arabia's GDP deflator inflation rate of -8.46% is significantly below the average of 6.90%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 177 out of 188 countries included in the data.
Summary
Saudi Arabia has a relatively low consumer price inflation rate of 3.45%, ranking it 50th out of 165 countries. Additionally, the country exhibits a negative GDP deflator inflation rate of -8.46%, positioning it 177th out of 188 countries. These indicators suggest that Saudi Arabia is able to maintain stable prices for consumers but may be experiencing deflationary pressures in its GDP. It is crucial for policymakers to monitor these trends closely to ensure sustainable economic growth and stability in the country.
Consumption Expenditure
Final consumption expenditure in current US$: Saudi Arabia's expenditure is $530.28 billion, exceeding the average by $148.65 billion. It ranks 18th out of 159 countries.
Final consumption expenditure (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's expenditure is 72.22% of its GDP, below the average by 10.15%. It ranks 120th out of 159 countries.
General government final consumption expenditure in current US$: Saudi Arabia's expenditure is $205.29 billion, surpassing the average by $111.61 billion. It ranks 16th out of 158 countries.
General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's expenditure is 27.96% of its GDP, above the average by 9.25%. It ranks 12th out of 158 countries.
Household and NPISHs final consumption expenditure in current US$: Saudi Arabia's expenditure is $324.99 billion, higher than the average by $34.86 billion. It ranks 21st out of 158 countries.
Household and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's expenditure is 44.26% of its GDP, below the average by 19.42%. It ranks 140th out of 158 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's final consumption expenditure in current US dollars exceeds the global average by a significant margin, indicating robust domestic consumption. However, its final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP is below the average, suggesting potential room for increased consumption to drive economic growth further. The country's high ranking in general government final consumption expenditure indicates a strong public sector, while its lower ranking in household expenditure suggests potential for growth in private consumption, which is crucial for a balanced and sustainable economic development.
Equities
1. Listed domestic companies, total: Saudi Arabia has 207 listed domestic companies, which is below the average of 636.625. This ranks Saudi Arabia 30th out of 72 countries with available data.
2. Stocks traded, total value (current US$): The total value of stocks traded in Saudi Arabia is $485.42 billion, significantly below the average of $1.38 trillion. Saudi Arabia ranks 13th out of 71 countries in this aspect.
3. Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP): Stocks traded in Saudi Arabia amount to 66.11% of GDP, much higher than the average of 31.65%. This places Saudi Arabia at the 15th position out of 71 countries.
4. Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$): Saudi Arabia's market capitalization stands at $2.43 trillion, surpassing the average of $1.20 trillion. The country ranks 6th out of 73 nations.
5. Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP): The market capitalization in Saudi Arabia is 330.82% of GDP, well above the average of 71.24%. Saudi Arabia secures the 2nd rank out of 73 countries.
6. S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change): The S&P Global Equity Indices in Saudi Arabia show an annual % change of 2.97%, slightly above the average of 2.06%. This places Saudi Arabia at the 34th position out of 79 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's performance in key macroeconomic indicators reflects a robust financial market. The country has a significant presence in stock trading and market capitalization, ranking above average in both metrics. This indicates a strong investor confidence and a solid foundation for economic growth and stability.
Investment
Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment, net (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's value is -488,234,392.61, which is above the average of -1,615,235,980.51. The country ranks 89th out of 169 countries in the dataset.
Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's value is 1,621,264,195.44, below the average of 5,749,271,080.15. It ranks 58th out of 182 countries.
Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment, net inflows (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's value is 0.22%, well below the average of 2.61%. The country ranks 146th out of 178 countries.
Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's value is 5,410,922,646.97, slightly below the average of 5,707,991,116.07. It ranks 21st out of 156 countries.
Analysis of Foreign Direct Investment, net outflows (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's value is 0.74%, below the average of 1.0%. The country ranks 43rd out of 155 countries.
Analysis of Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's value is 23,690,056,430.29, significantly above the average of 679,559,169.57. It ranks 13th out of 159 countries.
Analysis of Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's value is 5,723,920,000, below the average of 9,197,145,994.70. The country also ranks 13th out of 125 countries in this category.
Summary
Saudi Arabia performs below average in terms of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) metrics compared to other countries, with low FDI inflows as a percentage of GDP. However, the country excels in Portfolio Investment, with high net values indicating robust investor interest. These findings are crucial as they highlight areas where Saudi Arabia may need to attract more foreign investment to boost economic growth and diversification.
Broad Trade Attributes
Trade (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's trade value as a percentage of GDP is below the average of 82.34%, ranking 118 out of 163 countries.
Merchandise trade (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's merchandise trade as a percentage of GDP is below the average of 60.01%, ranking 122 out of 186 countries.
Trade in services (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's trade in services as a percentage of GDP is below the average of 24.63%, ranking 129 out of 171 countries.
External balance on goods and services (current US$): Saudi Arabia's external balance on goods and services in current US$ is significantly below the average, at $664,277,187.04, ranking 52 out of 163 countries.
External balance on goods and services (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's external balance on goods and services as a percentage of GDP is above the average at 0.09%, ranking 63 out of 163 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's trade performance, both in merchandise and services, is below the global averages, indicating potential inefficiencies or limitations in its trade sector. Additionally, the country's external balance on goods and services, both in absolute terms and relative to its GDP, falls below the global average, suggesting a deficit in the balance of trade. These indicators are crucial as they provide insights into Saudi Arabia's economic openness, competitiveness, and ability to generate revenue from international trade, impacting its overall economic stability and growth prospects.
Net Trade
1. Current account balance (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia has a current account balance of -22,814,248,435.95, which is significantly below the average of $1,443,864,831.49. With a rank of 163 out of 170 countries, Saudi Arabia's current account balance indicates a trade deficit.
2. Current account balance (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's current account balance as a percentage of GDP is -3.11%, lower than the average of -2.36%. Ranked 106 out of 170 countries, Saudi Arabia's performance in this area indicates a relatively higher dependency on imports.
3. Net trade in goods and services (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia has a net trade in goods and services of $664,277,187.04, which is lower than the average of $2,604,730,003.57. Ranked 54 out of 171 countries, Saudi Arabia's performance reflects a trade deficit in goods and services.
4. Net primary income (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's net primary income stands at $13,948,341,838.37, significantly higher than the average of -$903,807,529.74. With a rank of 9 out of 170 countries, Saudi Arabia demonstrates a strong position in terms of primary income.
5. Net secondary income (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's net secondary income is -37,426,867,461.35, notably lower than the average of -$269,227,340.40. Ranked 167 out of 170 countries, Saudi Arabia's performance in this area indicates a substantial outflow of secondary income.
6. Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia has a net trade in goods of $47,944,237,333.33, which is significantly higher than the average of $1,302,831,005.68. With a rank of 10 out of 171 countries, Saudi Arabia demonstrates a strong performance in trading goods.
7. Net capital account (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's net capital account is -$1,844,560,000, lower than the average of $136,543,824.05. Ranked 154 out of 159 countries, Saudi Arabia's net capital indicates a deficit in capital transactions.
8. Net financial account (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's net financial account stands at -24,050,639,356.72, significantly below the average of -$469,840,994.63. With a rank of 164 out of 170 countries, Saudi Arabia's financial account reflects significant outflows.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's key macroeconomic indicators paint a picture of significant deficits in its current account balance, net secondary income, net capital account, and net financial account. These figures suggest a heavy reliance on imports, a substantial outflow of secondary income, and challenges in capital transactions and financial outflows. Addressing these imbalances is crucial for Saudi Arabia to strengthen its economic resilience, reduce dependency on imports, and attract more stable financial inflows.
Broad Export Attributes
1. Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's value of $204,573,287,564.60 is above the average of $146,238,908,936.30. It ranks 30th out of 170 countries.
2. Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's value of $182,847,985,098.44 is above the average of $122,938,540,059.78. It ranks 29th out of 170 countries.
3. Exports of goods and services (current US$): Saudi Arabia's value of $182,847,985,098.44 is above the average of $129,596,864,610.19. It ranks 31st out of 163 countries.
4. Exports of goods and services (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's value of 24.90% is below the average of 38.18%. It ranks 104th out of 163 countries.
5. Goods exports (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's value of $173,864,000,000 is above the average of $93,310,581,697.39. It ranks 25th out of 171 countries.
6. International tourism, receipts (% of total exports): Saudi Arabia's value of 3.26% is below the average of 9.74%. It ranks 64th out of 120 countries.
7. ICT goods exports (% of total goods exports): Saudi Arabia's value of 0.28% is below the average of 3.81%. It ranks 87th out of 142 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia exhibits strong export performance in various categories such as goods, services, and primary income, with values consistently surpassing global averages. However, the country's exports as a percentage of GDP are relatively low, indicating room for further diversification and expansion of its export base. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Saudi Arabia's economic dependence on exports, highlighting the need for strategic planning to enhance competitiveness and sustainability in the global market.
Merchandise Exports
Merchandise exports (current US$): Saudi Arabia has a value of $173,854,000,000 for this attribute, which is above the average of $89,542,711,229.95. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 27 out of 187 countries in the dataset.
Agricultural raw materials exports (% of merchandise exports): Saudi Arabia's value of 0.18% is below the average of 2.97%. The country is ranked 127 out of 151 countries in this aspect.
Food exports (% of merchandise exports): With a value of 1.90%, Saudi Arabia falls below the average of 24.06%. The country is ranked 140 out of 152 countries in this category.
Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports): Saudi Arabia's value of 1.84% is also under the average of 9.10%. The country holds the 102nd rank out of 152 countries included in the dataset.
Merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise exports): Saudi Arabia has a value of 0.008%, significantly below the average of 3.20%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 138 out of 166 countries in the dataset.
Summary
Saudi Arabia has a strong position in total merchandise exports, ranking 27th out of 187 countries. However, the country underperforms in agricultural raw materials, food, ores and metals exports, ranking 127th, 140th, and 102nd, respectively. Additionally, Saudi Arabia's low residual exports percentage, ranking 138th out of 166 countries, may indicate room for diversification in export sectors to enhance overall economic resilience.
Technology Exports
Manufactures exports (% of merchandise exports): Saudi Arabia has a value of 20.25%, which is below the attribute average of 42.62%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 100 out of 152 countries.
High-technology exports (current US$): Saudi Arabia's export value is $217,407,451, significantly below the attribute average of $16,655,934,078.80. The country ranks 73 out of 151 countries in this aspect.
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports): Saudi Arabia's value is 0.61%, much lower than the attribute average of 10.15%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 139 out of 150 countries.
Medium and high-tech exports (% manufactured exports): With a value of 60.09%, Saudi Arabia exceeds the attribute average of 34.29%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 31 out of 149 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia lags behind in key high-technology exports, with significantly lower values than the global average. However, the country excels in medium and high-tech exports, surpassing the global average by a significant margin. These findings are crucial as they indicate Saudi Arabia's strength and weakness in global trade competitiveness, highlighting the need for further investment and development in high-technology sectors to enhance economic diversification and sustainability.
Service Exports
Service exports (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's service exports amount to $8,983,985,098.44, a figure below the attribute average of $28,917,292,503.82. The country ranks 51 out of 171 countries in this data set.
ICT service exports (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's ICT service exports total $1,369,782,774.34, falling below the average of $4,578,501,153.77. The country holds the 46th position out of 166 countries.
ICT service exports (% of service exports, BoP): Saudi Arabia's ICT service exports account for 15.25% of its total service exports, surpassing the average of 11.75%. Saudi Arabia ranks 42 out of 166 countries in this aspect.
Communications, computer, etc. (% of service exports, BoP): Saudi Arabia's communications, computer, etc. services represent 23.28% of its service exports, lower than the average of 45.85%. Saudi Arabia is placed at the 132nd position out of 169 countries.
Transport services (% of service exports, BoP): The percentage of service exports from transport services in Saudi Arabia stands at 22.51%, slightly higher than the average of 21.80%. Saudi Arabia ranks 67 out of 169 countries in this category.
Travel services (% of service exports, BoP): Saudi Arabia's travel services contribute 44.92% to its service exports, significantly above the average of 26.40%. The country holds the 33rd position out of 167 countries.
Insurance and financial services (% of service exports, BoP): Saudi Arabia's insurance and financial services make up 9.29% of its service exports, higher than the average of 6.46%. The country ranks 38 out of 161 countries regarding this metric.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's service exports, including ICT, communications, computer, transport, travel, insurance, and financial services, show both strengths and weaknesses compared to global averages. While the country excels in the contribution of travel services to its total service exports, it lags behind in areas such as ICT services and communications. These findings are crucial as they highlight Saudi Arabia's competitive edge in tourism-related services but also signal the need for further development in the tech and communication sectors to align with global standards and maximize export potential.
Commercial Service Exports
1. Commercial service exports (current US$): Saudi Arabia's commercial service exports amount to $8,373,342,894.80, which is below the average of $28,508,218,402.80. The country ranks 54th out of 171 countries in this attribute.
2. Travel services (% of commercial service exports): Saudi Arabia's travel services account for 48.20% of its commercial service exports, exceeding the average of 27.89%. The country ranks 31st out of 167 countries in this aspect.
3. Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports): Saudi Arabia's proportion of these services in its commercial exports is 17.68%, below the average of 42.44%. The country ranks 133rd out of 169 countries in this category.
4. Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service exports): Saudi Arabia's insurance and financial services constitute 9.96% of its commercial service exports, higher than the average of 6.97%. The country ranks 37th out of 161 countries in this sector.
5. Transport services (% of commercial service exports): Saudi Arabia's transport services represent 24.15% of its commercial service exports, slightly above the average of 23.37%. The country ranks 67th out of 169 countries in this domain.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's commercial service exports are significantly lower than the global average, ranking 54th out of 171 countries. The country heavily relies on travel services, which account for a high percentage of its commercial exports compared to the average. However, its proportion of computer, communications, and other services in exports is below average, indicating potential for diversification in export services.
These findings are important as they shed light on Saudi Arabia's economic structure and trade dependencies. They show areas of strength, such as in travel services, and areas that may require development to enhance competitiveness and resilience in the global market.
Broad Import Attributes
Imports of goods and services in current US$: Saudi Arabia's value of $182.18 billion is above the average of $126.19 billion, placing the country at rank 29 out of 163 countries in the dataset.
Imports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP: With a value of 24.81%, Saudi Arabia is below the average of 44.15%, ranking 130 out of 163 countries.
International tourism expenditures as a percentage of total imports: Saudi Arabia's rate of 4.98% is higher than the average of 3.98%, positioning the country at rank 23 out of 131 countries.
ICT goods imports as a percentage of total goods imports: At 7.97%, Saudi Arabia's rate surpasses the average of 6.85%. The country holds rank 39 out of 143 countries.
Goods imports in current US$: The value of $125.92 billion for Saudi Arabia is higher than the average of $92.01 billion, giving the country a rank of 29 out of 171 countries.
Imports of goods and services in BoP in current US$: Saudi Arabia's value of $182.18 billion exceeds the average of $120.32 billion, placing the country at rank 28 out of 170 countries.
Imports of goods, services, and primary income in BoP in current US$: Saudi Arabia's value of $189.96 billion is above the average of $144.51 billion, ranking the country at 30 out of 170 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia exhibits a strong import capacity, with values for both goods and services surpassing global averages, positioning the country favorably in international rankings. However, the percentage of imports relative to GDP is lower than average, indicating potential room for increased trade activity to stimulate economic growth. The high percentage of international tourism expenditures highlights Saudi Arabia's attractiveness as a destination, contributing positively to its overall trade dynamics.
These findings are crucial as they offer insights into Saudi Arabia's economic openness, competitiveness, and attractiveness to foreign visitors. Understanding these indicators can help policymakers make informed decisions to further enhance the country's trade capabilities and economic performance on a global scale.
Merchandise Imports
Merchandise imports in Saudi Arabia amount to $137.99 billion, which is significantly above the average of $89.39 billion, ranking 30th out of 190 countries in the dataset.
Manufactures imports represent 71.53% of merchandise imports in Saudi Arabia, slightly higher than the average of 66.76%, ranking 51st out of 152 countries.
Saudi Arabia's imports of Agricultural raw materials as a percentage of merchandise imports stand at 0.85%, below the average of 1.27%, ranking 104th out of 152 countries.
The country imports food products accounting for 15.49% of merchandise imports, slightly below the average of 15.89%, ranking 65th out of 152 countries.
Fuel imports in Saudi Arabia make up 3.08% of merchandise imports, significantly lower than the average of 11.38%, ranking 145th out of 152 countries.
Saudi Arabia's imports of ores and metals represent 3.18% of merchandise imports, above the average of 2.57%, ranking 40th out of 152 countries.
The residual merchandise imports by Saudi Arabia, as a percentage of total merchandise imports, stand at 0.15%, below the average of 2.51%, ranking 119th out of 180 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's import profile is characterized by a significant total merchandise import value, with a focus on manufactured goods. Interestingly, the country imports a lower proportion of agricultural raw materials and fuel compared to the global average, while ores and metals form a relatively higher share of its imports. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Saudi Arabia's dependency on manufactured goods and metals for its economy, potentially indicating areas of strength and vulnerability in its trade dynamics.
Service Imports
- Service imports (BoP, current US$): Saudi Arabia's service imports value is $56,263,945,244.73, which is
above the average of $27,615,356,170.47. The country ranks 21st out of 171 countries in this attribute.
- Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP): Saudi Arabia's percentage in this category
is 53.49%, higher than the average of 44.40%. The country is ranked 59th out of 169 countries.
- Transport services (% of service imports, BoP): Saudi Arabia's percentage for transport services is
26.44%, below the average of 32.90%. The country holds the 96th rank out of 169 countries.
- Travel services (% of service imports, BoP): The share of travel services in Saudi Arabia's imports is
15.72%, slightly higher than the average of 14.14%. Saudi Arabia is ranked 54th out of 169 countries.
- Insurance and financial services (% of service imports, BoP): Saudi Arabia's allocation to insurance and
financial services is 4.34%, lower than the average of 8.53%. The country ranks 113th out of 169 countries
in this aspect.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's service imports surpass the global average significantly at $56,263,945,244.73, positioning the country as 21st among 171 nations. The composition of these imports reveals a higher-than-average focus on communications, computer, etc., and travel services, but a lower allocation towards transport services and insurance/financial services. These indicators are crucial for understanding Saudi Arabia's economic diversification efforts, technology adoption trends, and preferences in international trade.
Commercial Service Imports
Commercial service imports in Saudi Arabia amount to $38,537,015,878.47, ranking 28th out of 171 countries. This value is higher than the average commercial service imports of $27,102,746,128.60.
Computer, communications, and other services account for 32.10% of Saudi Arabia's commercial service imports, ranking 109th out of 169 countries. This percentage is below the average of 41.71%.
Insurance and financial services represent 6.34% of Saudi Arabia's commercial service imports, ranking 91st out of 169 countries, below the average of 8.85%.
Transport services make up 38.61% of Saudi Arabia's commercial service imports, placing it 60th out of 169 countries, above the average of 34.71%.
Travel services contribute 22.95% to Saudi Arabia's commercial service imports, ranking 36th out of 169 countries. This value is higher than the average of 14.73%.
Summary
Saudi Arabia has a high total commercial service imports value, above the global average. The country relies heavily on transport services for its imports, exceeding the average percentage. However, it falls below average in the import of computer, communications, and other services as well as insurance and financial services. These findings are crucial for understanding Saudi Arabia's dependency on certain service sectors for imports and its economic relationships with other countries.
Infrastructure
In the attribute of Air transport, freight (million ton-km), Saudi Arabia's value of 581.52 million ton-km is below the average of 1384.37 million ton-km. Saudi Arabia ranks 32 out of 126 countries in this dataset.
For Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide, Saudi Arabia's 144771 departures exceed the average of 134365.61 departures. Saudi Arabia is ranked 24 out of 149 countries in this category.
In Air transport, passengers carried, Saudi Arabia's 20968865.89 passengers carried significantly surpass the average of 11848242.70 passengers. Saudi Arabia holds the 21st rank out of 149 countries for this metric.
Regarding Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units), Saudi Arabia's traffic of 9330437 TEU is above the average of 6907110.27 TEU. Saudi Arabia is positioned as the 19th out of 110 countries in container port traffic.
Summary
Saudi Arabia performs above average in key air transport and container port metrics compared to other countries globally. The country stands out in terms of freight transport, carrier departures, passengers carried, and container port traffic. These indicators are crucial as they reflect the efficiency and capacity of Saudi Arabia's transportation infrastructure, highlighting its competitiveness and connectivity in the global market.
Information Technology Infrastructure
1. Secure Internet servers: Saudi Arabia has 7977 secure internet servers, which is below the average of 458,294. Saudi Arabia ranks 72 out of 193 countries in this attribute data.
2. Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people): With 221.6 secure internet servers per 1 million people, Saudi Arabia is below the average of 14,067. Saudi Arabia ranks 118 out of 193 countries.
3. Individuals using the Internet (% of population): Saudi Arabia has 97.86% of its population using the internet, which is above the average of 64.77%. Saudi Arabia ranks 7 out of 180 countries.
4. Fixed broadband subscriptions: Saudi Arabia has 7,890,261 fixed broadband subscriptions, above the average of 6,591,956. Saudi Arabia ranks 26 out of 185 countries.
5. Mobile cellular subscriptions: With 43,215,439 mobile cellular subscriptions, Saudi Arabia is above the average of 42,526,464. Saudi Arabia ranks 36 out of 193 countries.
Summary
Saudi Arabia has a relatively low number of secure internet servers compared to the global average, ranking 72nd out of 193 countries. However, the country surpasses the global average in the percentage of its population using the internet, with a high percentage of 97.86%, ranking 7th out of 180 countries. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Saudi Arabia's connectivity levels and digital development compared to other nations, highlighting areas where the country excels and areas for potential improvement in the ever-growing digital world.
Energy Consumption
Regarding Renewable energy consumption, Saudi Arabia lags significantly behind with a value of 0.06%, far below the average of 32.18%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 188 out of 191 countries in the dataset.
As for CO2 emissions, Saudi Arabia's emission level is notably high at 513,555.8 kt, surpassing the average of 171,895.94 kt. This positions Saudi Arabia at rank 11 out of 188 countries in the dataset.
Summary
Saudi Arabia exhibits a stark contrast in its macroeconomic indicators: while lagging significantly behind in renewable energy consumption compared to the global average, it ranks exceptionally high in CO2 emissions. This indicates a heavy reliance on traditional energy sources and raises concerns about environmental sustainability and climate change mitigation efforts within the country.
Government Balance Sheet
1. Net acquisition of financial assets (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's net acquisition of financial assets as a percentage of GDP is -2.67%, which is below the average of 2.45%. Saudi Arabia ranks 80 out of 87 countries in this attribute.
2. Net incurrence of liabilities, total (% of GDP): The country's net incurrence of liabilities as a percentage of GDP is 7.84%, slightly above the average of 7.43%. Saudi Arabia is ranked 39 out of 92 countries.
3. Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$): With a value of -46,407,549,246.37 USD, Saudi Arabia's reserves and related items are significantly below the average of 1,924,407,186.58 USD. The country ranks 171 out of 171.
4. Total reserves minus gold (current US$): Saudi Arabia's total reserves minus gold amount to 453,208,226,719.75 USD, far exceeding the average of 74,221,588,171.61 USD. The country's rank is 6 out of 161 countries.
5. Total reserves (includes gold, current US$): The total reserves of Saudi Arabia, including gold, stand at 472,850,970,844.85 USD, significantly higher than the average of 85,708,019,773.47 USD. Saudi Arabia ranks 7 out of 161 countries in this aspect.
6. Total reserves in months of imports: Saudi Arabia's total reserves in months of imports are 29.87, which is well above the average of 7.10 months. The country ranks 2 out of 151 countries in this measure.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's macroeconomic indicators depict a mixed picture. While the country has a negative net acquisition of financial assets as a percentage of GDP and low reserves and related items, its high total reserves (including gold) signify financial strength. The significant total reserves minus gold further highlight Saudi Arabia's robust financial position. These indicators are crucial in assessing Saudi Arabia's economic stability, ability to meet financial obligations, and withstand external economic pressures.
Government Revenue
1. Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's value of 28.39% is slightly above the average of 27.02%. The country ranks 51 out of 122 countries in this attribute.
2. Grants and other revenue (% of revenue): Saudi Arabia's value of 70.99% is significantly higher than the average of 23.54%. This places the country at the 8th rank out of 108 countries for this metric.
3. Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue): With a value of 20.89%, Saudi Arabia falls below the average of 31.82% for this attribute. The country is ranked 101 out of 122 countries.
4. Taxes on international trade (% of revenue): Saudi Arabia's value of 2.27% is below the average of 6.24%. This places the country at the 67th rank out of 101 countries in this category.
5. Other taxes (% of revenue): Saudi Arabia's value of 3.53% exceeds the average of 2.12%. The country ranks 22 out of 106 countries for this metric.
6. Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue): With a value of 2.32%, Saudi Arabia is below the average of 24.66% for this attribute. The country ranks 117 out of 119 countries included in the data.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's revenue composition differs significantly from global averages, with a heavy reliance on grants and other revenue sources compared to taxes. The country performs well in terms of grants and other revenue, ranking 8th out of 108 countries. However, its lower rankings in taxes on goods and services, international trade, and income indicate potential areas for reform in the country's fiscal policy to align more closely with international norms and improve revenue diversification.
Taxes
- Tax revenue (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's tax revenue accounts for 8.24% of its GDP, below the average of 16.72%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 114 out of 123 countries in the dataset.
- Customs and other import duties (% of tax revenue): Saudi Arabia's ratio is 7.83%, slightly below the average of 9.01%. With this figure, the country ranks 38 out of 99 countries analyzed.
- Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes): Saudi Arabia's percentage stands at 7.98%, significantly lower than the average of 38.40%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 117 out of 120 countries in the dataset.
- Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%): Saudi Arabia's weighted mean tariff rate is 4.23%, below the average of 5.21%. This places Saudi Arabia at rank 69 out of 153 countries included in the data.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's tax revenue as a percentage of its GDP is below the global average, ranking it lower than the majority of countries in the dataset. The country also relies less on taxes from income, profits, and capital gains compared to the average, further impacting its position in the ranking. However, Saudi Arabia maintains a relatively low weighted mean tariff rate on all products, positioning it in the upper half of countries analyzed.
These indicators are important as they reflect Saudi Arabia's fiscal policies and trade practices in comparison to other nations. The lower tax revenue and dependence on income taxes could indicate potential challenges in generating government income, while the lower tariff rate may suggest a strategy to promote international trade and attract investments.
Government Expenses
Expense (% of GDP): Saudi Arabia's expense as a percentage of GDP is slightly above the average, ranking 53 out of 123 countries in the dataset.
Compensation of employees (% of expense): Saudi Arabia's employee compensation as a percentage of expense is significantly above the average, ranking 2 out of 123 countries in the dataset.
Goods and services expense (% of expense): Saudi Arabia's expense on goods and services as a percentage of total expense is above the average, ranking 21 out of 122 countries in the dataset.
Interest payments (% of expense): Saudi Arabia's expenditure on interest payments as a percentage of total expense is below the average, ranking 88 out of 121 countries in the dataset.
Other expense (% of expense): Saudi Arabia's other expenses as a percentage of total expense is slightly above the average, ranking 40 out of 120 countries in the dataset.
Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense): Saudi Arabia's subsidies and other transfers as a percentage of total expense is well below the average, ranking 116 out of 121 countries in the dataset.
Summary
Saudi Arabia's macroeconomic indicators reveal a significant allocation towards employee compensation, above-average expenditure on goods and services, and lower-than-average spending on interest payments and subsidies. These findings indicate a strong focus on rewarding employees and investing in goods and services, which can enhance workforce productivity and boost economic growth while maintaining financial stability by keeping interest payments and subsidies in check.
Top Stats
Ranks in Top Decile For:
| Attribute | Rank/Total |
|---|---|
| Population ages 15-64 (% of total population) | 13/194 |
| Military expenditure (current USD) | 4/149 |
| Military expenditure (% of GDP) | 1/148 |
| Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values) | 2/113 |
| Land area (sq. km) | 12/194 |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 12/194 |
| Total natural resources rents (% of GDP) | 11/175 |
| Oil rents (% of GDP) | 5/117 |
| GDP, PPP (current international $) | 17/181 |
| GNI (current US$) | 18/185 |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 17/181 |
| Industry (including construction), value added (current US$) | 15/183 |
| Chemicals (% of value added in manufacturing) | 5/89 |
| General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP) | 12/158 |
| Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$) | 6/73 |
| Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP) | 2/73 |
| Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$) | 13/159 |
| Net primary income (BoP, current US$) | 9/170 |
| Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$) | 10/171 |
| Individuals using the Internet (% of population) | 7/180 |
| CO2 emissions (kt) | 11/188 |
| Total reserves minus gold (current US$) | 6/161 |
| Total reserves (includes gold, current US$) | 7/161 |
| Total reserves in months of imports | 2/151 |
| Grants and other revenue (% of revenue) | 8/108 |
| Compensation of employees (% of expense) | 2/123 |
Ranks in Bottom Decile For:
| Attribute | Rank/Total |
|---|---|
| Population ages 65 and above (% of total population) | 188/194 |
| Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) | 182/194 |
| Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) | 189/192 |
| Average precipitation in depth (mm per year) | 176/178 |
| Forest rents (% of GDP) | 165/174 |
| Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %) | 177/188 |
| Current account balance (BoP, current US$) | 163/170 |
| Net secondary income (BoP, current US$) | 167/170 |
| Net capital account (BoP, current US$) | 154/159 |
| Net financial account (BoP, current US$) | 164/170 |
| Food exports (% of merchandise exports) | 140/152 |
| High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) | 139/150 |
| Fuel imports (% of merchandise imports) | 145/152 |
| Renewable energy consumption (% of total final energy consumption) | 188/191 |
| Net acquisition of financial assets (% of GDP) | 80/87 |
| Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$) | 171/171 |
| Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue) | 117/119 |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 114/123 |
| Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes) | 117/120 |
| Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense) | 116/121 |