Poland

Description of Poland

Poland, a country rich in history and resilience, stands as a pivotal player in Central Europe, shaping the region's economic and political landscape. With a diverse economy that has undergone significant transformation since joining the European Union in 2004, Poland has emerged as one of the fastest-growing economies in the European Union. From its vibrant cultural heritage to its strategic geographical location, Poland continues to captivate the world with its dynamic growth and steadfast commitment to progress.

Population And Age Structure

- Poland's total population is 37,899,070, which is below the average population of 40,097,746.58, ranking 39th out of 194 countries in the dataset.
- The percentage of population aged 0-14 in Poland is 15.35%, lower than the average of 27.34%. Poland ranks 170th out of 194 countries.
- The total population aged 0-14 in Poland is 5,816,751, below the average of 10,327,379.98, ranking 63rd out of 194 countries.
- Poland's population aged 15-64 makes up 66.28% of the total population, slightly above the average of 63.44%, ranking 63rd out of 194 countries.
- The total population aged 15-64 in Poland is 25,118,729, slightly below the average of 26,003,407.49, ranking 36th out of 194 countries.
- Poland's population aged 65 and above constitutes 18.37% of the total population, significantly higher than the average of 9.22%, ranking 30th out of 194 countries.
- The total population aged 65 and above in Poland is 6,963,590, well above the average of 3,766,959.08, ranking 20th out of 194 countries.

Summary

Poland has a total population below the global average and ranks 39th in population size. The country has a lower percentage of youth population (aged 0-14) compared to the average, ranking 170th. However, Poland has a higher percentage of elderly population (aged 65 and above), ranking 20th. These demographic indicators are crucial as they can impact workforce dynamics, social welfare systems, healthcare requirements, and overall economic development strategies of a country.

Population Miscellaneous

Rural population in Poland is 15,143,331, below the average of 18,044,041. Poland ranks 36 out of 190 countries in this attribute.

Rural population (% of total population) in Poland is 39.96%, below the average of 41.16%. Poland ranks 97 out of 190 countries in this attribute.

Urban population in Poland is 22,755,739, above the average of 22,425,747. Poland ranks 38 out of 194 countries in this attribute.

Urban population (% of total population) in Poland is 60.04%, above the average of 59.69%. Poland ranks 98 out of 194 countries in this attribute.

Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) in Poland is 50.88%, below the average of 59.22%. Poland ranks 132 out of 194 countries in this attribute.

Birth rate, crude (per 1,000 people) in Poland is 9.4, below the average of 19.38. Poland ranks 167 out of 192 countries in this attribute.

Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people) in Poland is 12.6, above the average of 8.21. Poland ranks 17 out of 192 countries in this attribute.

Fertility rate, total (births per woman) in Poland is 1.39, below the average of 2.60. Poland ranks 173 out of 190 countries in this attribute.

Summary

Poland's rural population is below average, but its urban population exceeds the average. The country has a lower than average age dependency ratio, birth rate, and fertility rate, indicating an aging population with lower birth rates. However, Poland has a higher death rate compared to the global average.

These indicators are crucial for policymakers and economists to understand Poland's demographic structure, economic development, and future challenges. A high urban population suggests economic growth potential, while low birth and fertility rates can impact future workforce availability and economic productivity. The higher death rate may pose healthcare and social security challenges that need to be addressed for sustainable development.

Military

For Military expenditure (current USD), Poland's expenditure of $13,368,394,048.23 is above the average of $12,904,993,617.17. Poland ranks 18th out of 149 countries in this statistic.

In terms of Military expenditure (% of GDP), Poland's expenditure is 2.23%, which is higher than the average of 1.90%. Poland ranks 37th out of 148 countries in this category.

Regarding Arms imports, Poland's value of $143,000,000 is below the average of $205,522,123.89. Poland is ranked 31st out of 113 countries in this metric.

Poland's total Armed forces personnel of 189,000 is higher than the average of 165,908.54 personnel. Poland ranks 34th out of 164 countries in this aspect.

For Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force), Poland's percentage is 1.04%, below the average of 1.28%. Poland ranks 64th out of 164 countries in this specific indicator.

Summary

Poland's military expenditure in terms of both current USD and % of GDP is above the global average, reflecting a prioritization of defense spending. Despite having below-average arms imports, Poland maintains a higher number of armed forces personnel compared to the global average, indicating a focus on military readiness. However, the percentage of armed forces personnel in the total labor force is below average, suggesting potential for increased military recruitment or labor force diversification.

These findings are important as they demonstrate Poland's commitment to defense and security, potentially influencing its geopolitical positioning and military capabilities relative to other countries. The data also provides insights into Poland's resource allocation towards defense, which can impact its overall economic and security strategies in the international arena.

Natural Resources

When looking at Forest area (sq. km), Poland's value of 94,830 is below the average of 211,606. Poland ranks 56 out of 191 countries in this attribute data.

For Land area (sq. km), Poland's value of 306,130 is below the average of 665,166. Poland ranks 69 out of 194 countries in this attribute data.

In terms of Surface area (sq. km), Poland's value of 312,710 is below the average of 689,779. Poland also ranks 69 out of 194 countries in this attribute data.

Regarding Arable land (hectares), Poland's value of 11,150,000 is above the average of 7,329,543. Poland ranks 27 out of 190 countries in this attribute data.

Looking at Land under cereal production (hectares), Poland's value of 7,466,680 is above the average of 4,206,011. Poland ranks 25 out of 174 countries in this attribute data.

For Average precipitation in depth (mm per year), Poland's value of 600 is below the average of 1,157. Poland ranks 129 out of 178 countries in this attribute data.

Lastly, in Renewable internal freshwater resources, total (billion cubic meters), Poland's value of 53.6 is below the average of 240. Poland ranks 76 out of 178 countries in this attribute data.

Summary

Poland displays strengths in arable land and land under cereal production, ranking relatively high globally in these categories. However, the country falls below average in forest area, land area, surface area, average precipitation depth, and renewable internal freshwater resources. These indicators are crucial for assessing Poland's environmental sustainability, agricultural potential, and natural resource availability, which are vital for its economic development and ecological balance.

Resource Rents

- Total natural resources rents (% of GDP): Poland's value is 0.54% of GDP, much lower than the average of 4.63%. Poland ranks 118 out of 175 countries in this dataset.

- Coal rents (% of GDP): Poland's value is 0.14% of GDP, below the average of 0.40%. Poland ranks 21 out of 65 countries in this dataset.

- Forest rents (% of GDP): Poland's value is 0.19% of GDP, significantly lower than the average of 1.53%. Poland ranks 99 out of 174 countries in this dataset.

- Oil rents (% of GDP): Poland's value is 0.02% of GDP, well below the average of 2.51%. Poland ranks 85 out of 117 countries in this dataset.

- Natural gas rents (% of GDP): Poland's value is 0.02% of GDP, below the average of 1.25%. Poland ranks 64 out of 96 countries in this dataset.

- Mineral rents (% of GDP): Poland's value is 0.16% of GDP, lower than the average of 1.23%. Poland ranks 52 out of 86 countries in this dataset.

Summary

Poland's macroeconomic indicators regarding natural resources rents, including coal, forest, oil, natural gas, and mineral rents, consistently show values below global averages. These lower values position Poland in the lower to middle ranks among countries in the respective datasets. This suggests that Poland may have untapped potential in harnessing its natural resources for economic development and should explore strategies to optimize resource utilization to enhance its GDP and global competitiveness.

Commodities

In terms of Cereal production, Poland produces 35,031,300 metric tons, significantly surpassing the average of 17,249,945. Poland ranks 18 out of 174 countries in this category.

For Aquaculture production, Poland produces 47,700 metric tons, notably below the average of 679,642. Poland ranks 44 out of 180 countries in this aspect.

Regarding Capture fisheries production, Poland contributes 206,390.3 metric tons, falling short of the average of 467,453. Poland ranks 55 out of 190 countries in this sector.

Poland's Total fisheries production is 254,090.3 metric tons, below the average of 1,153,914. Poland ranks 51 out of 182 countries in this metric.

In Fertilizer consumption, Poland utilizes 155.07 kilograms per hectare of arable land, slightly below the average of 159.04. Poland ranks 59 out of 187 countries based on this metric.

Summary

Poland stands out in terms of cereal production, ranking 18th globally with 35,031,300 metric tons, far exceeding the average production. However, in aquaculture, capture fisheries, and total fisheries production, Poland falls below average levels, ranking 44th, 55th, and 51st respectively. Additionally, Poland's fertilizer consumption of 155.07 kilograms per hectare is slightly below the global average.

These statistics are crucial as they provide insights into Poland's agricultural and environmental sectors. While excelling in cereal production, Poland may need to focus on enhancing its fisheries and aquaculture industries to align with global standards. The lower-than-average fertilizer consumption indicates potential areas for improvement to boost agricultural productivity sustainably.

Intellectual Property

Poland's Industrial design applications by nonresident entities are below the average of 1415.83, with a value of 141. This ranks Poland 66th out of 112 countries.

For Industrial design applications by resident entities, Poland's value of 1939 is below the average of 9799.58, placing it in the 22nd position out of 113 countries.

In terms of Patent applications by nonresidents, Poland's 88 applications are below the average of 6538.40, ranking 73rd out of 129 countries.

Poland's Patent applications by residents stand at 4010, which is below the average of 19037.56. This places Poland in the 16th position out of 117 countries.

For Trademark applications by nonresident entities, Poland's 6078 applications fall below the average of 15878.93, ranking 62nd out of 130 countries.

Poland's Trademark applications by resident entities, with a value of 31560, are below the average of 111055.78. Poland ranks 26th out of 129 countries in this aspect.

Poland's Scientific and technical journal articles output of 36766.63 is above the average of 15103.76, positioning Poland 17th out of 192 countries.

Regarding Charges for the use of intellectual property payments, Poland's value of 3534000000 is above the average of 3218843494.39, placing Poland 23rd out of 143 countries.

On the other hand, Poland's Charges for the use of intellectual property receipts amount to 1101000000, which is below the average of 3191687117.58. Poland ranks 25th out of 122 countries in this aspect.

Poland's number of Researchers in R&D per million people is 3238.21, which is above the average of 2556.45. Poland ranks 24th out of 72 countries based on this metric.

Summary

Poland ranks moderately in various key macroeconomic indicators related to intellectual property, research and development. While the country excels in scientific and technical journal articles output, it falls below the average in patent applications by both residents and nonresidents, as well as trademark applications by nonresident entities. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Poland's level of innovation, investment in research and development, and international engagement in intellectual property. Monitoring and improving these indicators can enhance Poland's competitiveness and economic growth in the global arena.

Broad Economy Attributes

When looking at the GDP (current US$) of Poland, which amounts to 599.44 billion, we observe that it exceeds the average GDP of 442.87 billion. Poland ranks 21st out of 189 countries in this dataset.

In terms of GDP, PPP (current international $), Poland's value of 1.38 trillion is significantly higher than the average GDP of 734.14 billion. It holds the 19th rank out of 181 countries.

For GDP per capita (current US$), Poland's value of 15,816.82 is slightly above the average of 15,462.11. The country is ranked 51st out of 190 nations in this category.

Poland's GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) stands at 36,322.04, well above the average of 21,251.89. It ranks 38th out of 181 countries.

Looking at GNI (current US$), Poland's figure of 576.67 billion is higher than the average of 452.04 billion. It holds the 21st rank out of 185 countries.

In terms of GNI, PPP (current international $), Poland's value of 1.32 trillion is notably higher than the average of 730.70 billion. It is ranked 20th out of 181 countries.

For GNI per capita, PPP (current international $), Poland's value of 34,940 is above the average of 20,615.75. The country ranks 39th out of 181 nations.

Summary

Poland demonstrates strong economic performance across multiple indicators such as GDP, GDP per capita, and GNI. The country consistently exceeds global averages in terms of both total output and income levels. These high rankings signify Poland's position as a significant player in the global economy, reflecting a robust and growing economic landscape that offers opportunities for investment and trade.

Broad Value Added

- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$): Poland's GVA value is $527,998,051,148.45, ranking 20th out of 176 countries. This is significantly higher than the average GVA value of $360,070,943,595.12.

- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP): Poland's value is 2.57% of GDP, ranking 138th out of 182 countries. This is notably below the average value added in this sector, which is 10.86% of GDP.

- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$): Poland's value is $15,398,712,307.73, ranking 36th out of 182 countries. This is below the average value of $19,924,732,828.07 in this category.

- Services, value added (% of GDP): Poland's value in services is 57.16% of GDP, placing it 83rd out of 183 countries. This is slightly higher than the average value of 56.72% of GDP.

- Services, value added (current US$): Poland's services value is $342,667,313,430.23, ranking 23rd out of 183 countries. This value is higher than the average services value of $295,837,711,130.69.

- Industry (including construction), value added (current US$): Poland's industry value is $169,932,025,410.49, ranking 20th out of 183 countries. This value surpasses the average industry value added of $118,421,095,413.50.

Summary

Poland demonstrates a strong Gross Value Added (GVA) at $527,998,051,148.45, ranking 20th globally, well above the average. However, the country's agriculture, forestry, and fishing sectors lag behind, with values below the global averages. On the other hand, Poland excels in the services and industry sectors, showcasing significant contributions to its GDP, which highlights a diversified economy but also raises concerns about the sustainability and competitiveness of its agricultural sector.

Manufacturing Value Added

Poland's manufacturing value added in current US dollars is $98,741,925,212.15, which is higher than the average of $76,207,179,589.66. Poland ranks 20th out of 173 countries in this statistic.

Manufacturing value added as a percentage of GDP in Poland is 16.47%, surpassing the average of 11.90%. Poland holds the 37th position out of 173 countries in this category.

Poland's medium and high-tech manufacturing value added accounts for 32.03% of total manufacturing value added. This is above the average of 24.49%. Poland ranks 46th out of 149 countries.

In the food, beverages, and tobacco sector, Poland contributes 16.06% to manufacturing value added, below the average of 24.51%. Poland is ranked 59th out of 92 countries in this aspect.

The country's contribution to machinery and transport equipment in manufacturing is 20.90%, higher than the average of 16.85%. Poland ranks 31st out of 93 countries in this segment.

Poland's share of textiles and clothing in manufacturing is 3.06%, below the average of 6.33%. The country ranks 48th out of 93 nations in this area.

Poland excels in other manufacturing, constituting 59.98% of manufacturing value added. This is notably higher than the average of 42.13%. Poland holds the 10th rank out of 94 countries in this respect.

Summary

Poland demonstrates strong performance in manufacturing value added, exceeding global averages in multiple key sectors such as medium and high-tech manufacturing, machinery and transport equipment, and other manufacturing. These indicators are crucial as they showcase Poland's competitiveness and specialization in high-value industries, which can drive economic growth, innovation, and international trade partnerships.

Money

Poland's consumer price inflation rate is below the average of 8.26%, with a value of 3.37%. The country ranks 53rd out of 165 countries in this statistic.

The GDP deflator inflation in Poland is also below the average of 6.90%, standing at 4.26%. Poland ranks 58th out of 188 countries in this metric.

Poland's broad money growth rate at 16.43% is slightly below the average of 18.03%. The country is ranked 54th out of 139 countries in this aspect.

With broad money as a percentage of GDP at 77.96%, Poland is above the average of 71.75%. It ranks 52nd out of 139 countries in this indicator.

The broad money to total reserves ratio for Poland is below the average of 5.17% at 3.03%. The country ranks 55th out of 126 countries in this ratio.

Summary

Poland's macroeconomic indicators generally reflect a trend of performing below global averages but still maintaining competitive rankings among other countries. Despite consumer price inflation, GDP deflator inflation, and broad money growth rate being below average, Poland's high broad money as a percentage of GDP suggests a relatively liquid economy. The country's ability to maintain a strong ratio of broad money to total reserves signifies a solid financial position.

These indicators are important as they provide insights into Poland's economic stability, monetary policy effectiveness, and potential resilience to external economic shocks. They also indicate Poland's relative position in the global economic landscape, highlighting areas of strength and areas for potential improvement.

Consumption Expenditure

Final consumption expenditure in Poland is $453,077,191,006.64, above the average of $381,630,252,515.38. Poland ranks 21 out of 159 countries in this attribute data.

Final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP in Poland is 75.58%, below the average of 82.37%. Poland is ranked 105 out of 159 countries in this category.

General government final consumption expenditure in Poland is $114,215,001,420.06, above the average of $93,676,578,238.03. Poland ranks 20 out of 158 countries in this attribute data.

General government final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP in Poland is 19.05%, slightly above the average of 18.71%. Poland holds the 68th rank out of 158 countries in this category.

Household and NPISHs final consumption expenditure in Poland is $338,862,189,586.59, above the average of $290,127,571,157.69. Poland ranks 20 out of 158 countries in this attribute data.

Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP in Poland is 56.53%, below the average of 63.68%. Poland is ranked 106 out of 158 countries in this category.

Summary

In analyzing key macroeconomic indicators for Poland, it is evident that the country's final consumption expenditure, both in total and by different sectors, is above the global average in absolute terms. However, when considering these expenditures as a percentage of GDP, Poland falls below the average. This indicates a relatively higher level of consumption compared to the size of its economy, which may lead to concerns regarding sustainability, inflationary pressures, and potential imbalances in the economy.

Equities

Poland ranks 10th out of 72 countries in "Listed domestic companies, total" with 782 companies, which is above the attribute average of 636.625.

In "Stocks traded, total value (current US$)", Poland ranks 21st out of 71 countries, with a value of $83,438,270,000. This is below the attribute average of $1,379,501,951,820.91.

For "Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP)", Poland ranks 23rd out of 71 countries, with a value of 13.92%, below the average of 31.65%.

Poland is ranked 27th out of 73 countries in "Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$)" with a value of $177,508,140,000, significantly below the average.

Regarding "Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP)", Poland ranks 44th out of 73 countries, with 29.61%, which is notably lower than the average of 71.24%.

In "S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change)", Poland is ranked 47th out of 79 countries with a negative annual change of -5.09%, well below the average annual change of 2.06%.

Summary

Poland performs moderately in key macroeconomic indicators related to domestic companies, stocks traded, market capitalization, and equity indices. It ranks above average in the number of listed domestic companies but falls below average in terms of the value and percentage of stocks traded and market capitalization relative to GDP. Additionally, Poland shows a negative annual change in S&P Global Equity Indices, indicating a declining equity market compared to the global average.

These findings are important as they reflect Poland's position and performance in the global economic landscape. The country's lower rankings in key indicators suggest room for improvement in attracting investments, enhancing stock market value, and increasing market capitalization to boost economic growth and competitiveness on the international stage.

Investment

Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$): Poland's net FDI is at -$14.14 billion, significantly below the average of -$1.62 billion, ranking 159th out of 169 countries.
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$): Poland's net FDI inflows amount to $19.15 billion, notably above the average of $5.75 billion, ranking 18th out of 182 countries.
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP): Poland's net FDI inflows as a percentage of GDP stand at 3.19%, higher than the average of 2.61%, ranking 57th out of 178 countries.
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$): Poland's net FDI outflows total $5.01 billion, slightly below the average of $5.71 billion, ranking 24th out of 156 countries.
Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP): Poland's net FDI outflows as a percentage of GDP are 0.84%, lower than the average of 1.00%, ranking 36th out of 155 countries.
Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$): Poland's portfolio investment net stands at $6.81 billion, significantly higher than the average of $679.56 million, ranking 23rd out of 159 countries.
Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$): Poland's portfolio equity net inflows are -$3.63 billion, substantially below the average of $9.20 billion, ranking 111th out of 125 countries.

Summary

Poland demonstrates strong performance in attracting Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) inflows, ranking above average globally in terms of net FDI inflows and as a percentage of GDP. However, its FDI outflows are comparatively lower. The country also exhibits a notably high portfolio investment net, indicating attractiveness to investors for financial assets.

These indicators are crucial as they showcase Poland's ability to attract and retain foreign investments, which can contribute to economic growth, job creation, technology transfer, and overall competitiveness in the global market.

Broad Trade Attributes

Trade (% of GDP): Poland's trade value accounts for 100.32% of its GDP, which is 17.98% higher than the average. This places Poland at rank 37 out of 163 countries in the dataset.

Merchandise trade (% of GDP): Poland's merchandise trade is at 89.33% of its GDP, indicating a 29.31% difference from the average. Poland holds the 26th position out of 186 countries.

Trade in services (% of GDP): Poland's trade in services stands at 17.85% of GDP, surpassing the average by -6.77%. Poland is ranked 77th out of 171 countries for this metric.

External balance on goods and services (current US$): Poland's external balance in goods and services is $33,914,297,741.65, significantly higher than the average by $30,508,788,730.52. Poland holds the 12th position out of 163 countries.

External balance on goods and services (% of GDP): Poland's external balance accounts for 5.66% of its GDP, which is notably higher than the average by 11.62%. Poland ranks 21st out of 163 countries in this aspect.

Summary

Poland exhibits a strong trade performance, with its trade value, merchandise trade, and trade in services all showing significant proportions relative to its GDP. Additionally, the country maintains a positive external balance on goods and services, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of its GDP, outperforming the average values notably. These indicators suggest that Poland has a well-integrated and competitive economy with a robust external sector, which can contribute to its overall economic stability and growth.

Net Trade

Poland's current account balance of $14.76 billion is significantly higher than the average of $1.44 billion, placing it at rank 19 out of 170 countries for this attribute.

With a current account balance of 2.46% of GDP, Poland surpasses the average of -2.36%, ranking 41 out of 170 countries in this category.

Poland's net trade in goods and services stands at $34.32 billion, well above the average of $2.60 billion, ranking it at 11 out of 171 countries.

The country's net primary income of -$22.80 billion is notably lower than the average of -$0.90 billion, ranking Poland at 159 out of 170 countries for this attribute.

Poland's net secondary income amounts to $3.24 billion, considerably higher than the average of -$0.27 billion, positioning it at rank 31 out of 170 countries.

With a net trade in goods of $8.11 billion, Poland exceeds the average of $1.30 billion, placing it at rank 29 out of 171 countries.

Poland's net capital account of $10.66 billion is significantly greater than the average of $0.14 billion, making it the top-ranking country out of 159 included in the data.

In terms of the net financial account, Poland's value of $20.53 billion is notably higher than the average of -$0.47 billion, ranking it at 17 out of 170 countries for this attribute.

Summary

Poland outperforms the global averages in key macroeconomic indicators such as current account balance, net trade in goods and services, net capital account, and net financial account. These strong economic fundamentals signify Poland's robust international trade position, stable financial inflows, and overall economic competitiveness in the global market.

Broad Export Attributes

Poland's exports of goods, services and primary income amount to $331.69 billion, surpassing the average of $146.24 billion, ranking 21st out of 170 countries in the dataset.

The country's exports of goods and services total $318.97 billion, exceeding the average of $122.94 billion, placing Poland 19th out of 170 countries examined.

With exports of goods and services reaching $317.65 billion, Poland surpasses the average of $129.60 billion, ranking 21st out of 163 countries in the dataset.

Poland's exports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP stand at 52.99%, higher than the average of 38.19%, ranking 32nd out of 163 countries considered.

The country's goods exports sum up to $252.36 billion, significantly above the average of $93.31 billion, positioning Poland 20th out of 171 countries in the dataset.

Poland's international tourism receipts as a percentage of total exports are 2.63%, below the average of 9.74%, ranking 76th out of 120 countries in the dataset.

ICT goods exports as a percentage of total goods exports for Poland amount to 7.22%, exceeding the average of 3.81%, ranking 22nd out of 142 countries considered.

Summary

Poland demonstrates strong performance in exports of goods and services, consistently surpassing global averages and ranking relatively high among countries in the dataset. The country's significant exports as a percentage of GDP indicate a robust and export-oriented economy. However, Poland's lower international tourism receipts as a percentage of total exports suggest potential for growth in the tourism sector to further diversify its export revenue sources.

Merchandise Exports

Poland's merchandise exports amount to $273.83 billion, ranking 20th out of 187 countries analyzed, significantly above the average of $89.54 billion.

Poland's agricultural raw materials exports account for 0.99% of its merchandise exports, ranking 80th out of 151 countries, below the average of 2.97%.

Poland's food exports make up 14.38% of its merchandise exports, placing it 84th out of 152 countries, below the average of 24.06%.

Poland's fuel exports constitute 1.58% of its merchandise exports, ranking 95th out of 147 countries, significantly below the average of 13.70%.

Poland's ores and metals exports represent 3.22% of its merchandise exports, ranking 75th out of 152 countries, below the average of 9.10%.

Lastly, Poland's merchandise exports by the reporting economy, residual, account for 0.39% of its total merchandise exports, placing it 84th out of 166 countries, below the average of 3.20%.

Summary

Poland's strong performance in merchandise exports places it above the global average, especially in categories such as food and ores/ metals, despite lagging behind in fuel exports. However, the country's lower-than-average exports of agricultural raw materials and merchandise by the reporting economy, residual, indicate potential areas for growth and diversification in its export portfolio.

These findings are important as they highlight Poland's strengths and weaknesses in key export sectors, providing valuable insights for policymakers and businesses seeking to enhance the country's export competitiveness and economic resilience.

Technology Exports

Poland's manufactures exports account for 79.64% of its merchandise exports, which is significantly above the average of 42.62%. In this aspect, Poland ranks 22nd out of 152 countries.

Poland's high-technology exports amount to $19,966,820,540, surpassing the average of $16,655,934,078.80. This places Poland at the 22nd position out of 151 countries in this category.

The country's high-technology exports as a percentage of manufactured exports stand at 9.86%, slightly below the average of 10.15%. Poland is ranked 52nd out of 150 countries in this metric.

Poland's medium and high-tech exports, representing 54.05% of manufactured exports, exceed the average of 34.29%. Poland holds the 41st position out of 149 countries regarding this indicator.

Summary

Poland demonstrates strength in its manufacturing sector, with manufactures exports accounting for a significant 79.64% of its merchandise exports, ranking 22nd globally. Moreover, the country's high-technology exports surpass the average, amounting to $19.97 billion. These indicators highlight Poland's competitive edge in technology-intensive industries and its ability to contribute significantly to global trade and innovation.

These findings are crucial as they showcase Poland's capability to diversify its export base, especially in high-value sectors like high-technology products. This not only enhances Poland's economic resilience but also positions the country as a key player in the global market, attracting investment and fostering economic growth through advanced technological advancements.

Service Exports

Poland's service exports amount to $66,612,000,000, which is significantly higher than the average of $28,917,292,503.82, ranking 20th out of 171 countries in the dataset.

ICT service exports from Poland total $9,426,000,000, surpassing the average of $4,578,501,153.77, placing the country 18th out of 166 nations.

Poland's ICT service exports as a percentage of total service exports stand at 14.15%, higher than the average of 11.75%, ranking 45th out of 166 countries.

The country's communication, computer, etc. services as a percentage of total service exports is 57.15%, above the average of 45.85%, positioning Poland at 55th out of 169 nations.

Transport services as a percentage of service exports in Poland amount to 28.14%, surpassing the average of 21.80%, ranking 53rd out of 169 countries.

Poland's travel services as a percentage of total service exports are below average at 12.37%, compared to the average of 26.40%, placing the country at 113th out of 167 nations.

Insurance and financial services as a percentage of service exports in Poland are 2.35%, below the average of 6.46%, ranking 106th out of 161 countries.

Summary

Poland demonstrates a strong performance in service exports, particularly in ICT services, where it ranks above average in both total value and as a percentage of total service exports. However, the country lags behind in the contribution of travel services and insurance/financial services to its overall service exports, indicating potential areas for growth and development in its service sector.

These findings are important as they reveal Poland's competitive strengths in certain service export categories, highlighting where the country excels and where there is room for improvement. By leveraging its strengths in ICT and transport services while addressing the underperformance in travel and financial services, Poland can further enhance its position in the global service export market and drive economic growth.

Commercial Service Exports

- Commercial service exports (current US$): Poland's commercial service exports amount to $66.38 billion, ranking 20th out of 171 countries. This value is significantly higher than the average of $28.51 billion. - Travel services (% of commercial service exports): Poland's travel services account for 12.41% of its commercial service exports, ranking 114th out of 167 countries. This percentage is below the average of 27.89%. - Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service exports): Poland's computer, communications, and other services make up 57.99% of its commercial service exports, ranking 52nd out of 169 countries. This percentage is above the average of 42.44%. - Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service exports): Poland's insurance and financial services represent 2.36% of its commercial service exports, ranking 108th out of 161 countries. This figure is below the average of 6.97%. - Transport services (% of commercial service exports): Poland's transport services contribute 28.23% to its commercial service exports, ranking 57th out of 169 countries. This percentage is higher than the average of 23.37%.

Summary

Poland's commercial service exports amount to $66.38 billion, with a significant portion coming from computer, communications, and other services. While travel services form a smaller percentage of their exports, transport services play a larger role. The country's strong performance in computer-related services indicates a shift towards more technology-driven industries, potentially diversifying its export base and reducing reliance on traditional sectors.

Broad Import Attributes

Poland's imports of goods and services in current US dollars amount to $283.74 billion, which is significantly higher than the average of $126.19 billion, ranking 19th out of 163 countries.

When looking at imports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP, Poland's value of 47.33% is above the average of 44.15%, placing it at the 53rd rank out of 163 countries.

Poland's international tourism expenditures as a percentage of total imports stand at 1.95%, lower than the average of 3.98%. This places Poland at the 99th rank out of 131 countries with available data.

For ICT goods imports as a percentage of total goods imports, Poland's value of 10.11% is higher than the average of 6.85%, ranking 25th out of 143 countries.

Poland's goods imports in Balance of Payments (BoP) in current US dollars amount to $244.24 billion, significantly higher than the average of $92.01 billion, ranking 18th out of 171 countries.

In terms of imports of goods and services in Balance of Payments in current US dollars, Poland's value of $284.64 billion exceeds the average of $120.32 billion, ranking 19th out of 170 countries.

Lastly, Poland's imports of goods, services, and primary income in Balance of Payments in current US dollars total $320.17 billion, significantly higher than the average of $144.51 billion, placing Poland at the 20th rank out of 170 countries.

Summary

Poland stands out in international trade with imports of goods and services totaling $283.74 billion, ranking 19th globally. With a high percentage of imports compared to GDP and significant expenditures on ICT goods imports, Poland demonstrates a strong reliance on international trade. These indicators are important as they reflect Poland's openness to global markets, its consumption patterns, and its integration into the international supply chain.

Merchandise Imports

Poland's merchandise imports amount to $261.63 billion, ranking 18th out of 190 countries. This value is significantly above the average of $89.39 billion.

Manufactures imports account for 79.44% of Poland's total merchandise imports, ranking 10th out of 152 countries. This percentage is higher than the average of 66.76%.

Poland's imports of agricultural raw materials represent 1.41% of its total merchandise imports, ranking 53rd out of 152 countries. This percentage is slightly above the average of 1.27%.

Food imports constitute 9.46% of Poland's merchandise imports, placing Poland 123rd out of 152 countries. This percentage is below the average of 15.89%.

Poland's fuel imports make up 5.29% of its merchandise imports, ranking 126th out of 152 countries. This percentage falls below the average of 11.38%.

Poland's imports of ores and metals represent 3.44% of its merchandise imports, ranking 36th out of 152 countries. This percentage is above the average of 2.57%.

Poland's residual merchandise imports account for 0.49% of its total merchandise imports, placing Poland 83rd out of 180 countries. This percentage is significantly below the average of 2.51%.

Summary

Poland's import profile shows a significant reliance on manufactured goods, which account for a large portion of its total merchandise imports compared to the global average. This indicates a strong industrial base and economic diversification. However, the country's lower proportion of food and fuel imports compared to the average suggests some degree of self-sufficiency in these areas, potentially enhancing Poland's energy and food security.

Service Imports

Poland's service imports amount to $40,404,000,000, which is above the average of $27,615,356,170.47. This places Poland at rank 26 out of 171 countries in terms of service imports.

In terms of Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP), Poland's value is 60.05%, exceeding the average of 44.40%. This ranks Poland 32nd out of 169 countries.

Poland's Transport services (% of service imports, BoP) value is 21.84%, below the average of 32.90%. This places Poland at rank 121 out of 169 countries.

For Travel services (% of service imports, BoP), Poland's value is 13.13%, slightly below the average of 14.14%. Poland ranks 71st out of 169 countries in this aspect.

Poland's Insurance and financial services (% of service imports, BoP) represent 4.98%, lower than the average of 8.53%. This places Poland at rank 104 out of 169 countries.

Summary

Poland's service imports are significantly higher than the global average, ranking 26th out of 171 countries. The country allocates a notable portion of its service imports to Communications, computer, etc., exceeding the average percentage. However, in Transport services, Poland falls below the global average, ranking 121st in this category. An area of strength for Poland is Travel services, where it performs close to the global average. Nevertheless, in Insurance and financial services, Poland lags behind, ranking 104th globally. These indicators are crucial as they reveal Poland's priorities and strengths in its service imports, highlighting areas that may require attention or further development to enhance the country's economic competitiveness.

Commercial Service Imports

For Commercial service imports (current US$), Poland's value is $40,285,000,000. This surpasses the average of $27,102,746,128.60, ranking Poland 25th out of 171 countries.

The percentage of Computer, communications and other services in Poland's commercial service imports is 59.93%, exceeding the average of 41.71%. Poland is ranked 30th out of 169 countries in this aspect.

In terms of Insurance and financial services as a percentage of commercial service imports, Poland's value is 4.99%, below the average of 8.85%. This places Poland at 108th out of 169 countries.

Regarding Transport services as a percentage of commercial service imports, Poland's value is 21.90%, lower than the average of 34.71%. Poland ranks 122nd out of 169 countries.

For Travel services as a percentage of commercial service imports, Poland's value is 13.17%, slightly under the average of 14.73%. Poland holds the 72nd rank out of 169 countries.

Summary

Poland stands out with its high value of Commercial service imports, ranking 25th globally. The country shows strength in Computer, communications, and other services, ranking 30th worldwide. However, Poland lags behind in Insurance, financial, Transport, and Travel services compared to the global averages. These indicators are crucial as they reflect the diversification and efficiency of Poland's service sector, impacting its trade balance and overall economic competitiveness.

Infrastructure

1. Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km): Poland carries 12,487 million passenger-km, ranking 11th out of 64 countries. This is significantly below the average of 32,281.92 million passenger-km.

2. Railways, goods transported (million ton-km): With 51,096 million ton-km transported, Poland ranks 10th out of 62 countries, which is notably lower than the average of 119,231.19 million ton-km.

3. Air transport, freight (million ton-km): Poland transports 140.56 million ton-km of freight, ranking 43rd out of 126 countries. This is considerably below the average of 1,384.37 million ton-km.

4. Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide: Poland has 48,381 registered carrier departures, ranking 44th out of 149 countries, significantly below the average of 134,365.61 departures.

5. Air transport, passengers carried: Poland carries 2,686,258 passengers, ranking 51st out of 149 countries, well below the average of 11,848,242.70 passengers.

6. Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units): Poland handles 2,915,937 TEUs, ranking 40th out of 110 countries, which is considerably below the average of 6,907,110.27 TEUs.

7. Rail lines (total route-km): With a total route of 18,611 km, Poland ranks 10th out of 66 countries, which is above the average of 12,204.74 km.

Summary

Poland's transportation sector shows a mixed performance compared to global averages. The country carries fewer passengers and goods by rail and air, handles less container port traffic, but has a relatively extensive rail network. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Poland's connectivity within the global supply chain, potential for economic growth through increased trade and tourism, as well as the need for further infrastructure development to enhance competitiveness.

Information Technology Infrastructure

Poland's 954,351 secure internet servers are significantly above the global average of 458,294, ranking 15th out of 193 countries. The country demonstrates a strong infrastructure in this aspect.

With 25,181 secure internet servers per 1 million people, Poland also surpasses the average of 14,067, positioning 30th out of 193 countries. This showcases a high level of internet security.

83.18% of Poland's population uses the internet, which is notably above the global average of 64.77%. This places Poland 53rd out of 180 countries, showing a relatively high internet penetration.

Poland's 8,369,218 fixed broadband subscriptions exceed the average of 6,591,956, ranking 24th out of 185 countries. This indicates a good level of access to fixed broadband services.

With 49,350,724 mobile cellular subscriptions, Poland exceeds the average of 42,526,464, positioning 32nd out of 193 countries. Mobile connectivity is widespread in the country.

Summary

Poland boasts a robust digital infrastructure with a notably higher number of secure internet servers and fixed broadband subscriptions compared to global averages. The country also showcases high levels of internet penetration and mobile connectivity, surpassing the average rates. These indicators highlight Poland's commitment to technological advancement and accessibility, positioning it competitively on the global digital stage.

Energy Consumption

Poland's renewable energy consumption accounts for 16.14% of its total final energy consumption, which is significantly below the average of 32.18%. This places Poland at rank 119 out of 191 countries in terms of renewable energy consumption.

Furthermore, Poland's CO2 emissions amount to 279,223.8 kt, surpassing the average of 171,895.94 kt. This places Poland at a relatively higher rank of 20 out of 188 countries in terms of CO2 emissions.

Summary

Poland lags behind the global average in renewable energy consumption, ranking 119th out of 191 countries. Conversely, it exceeds the average CO2 emissions, ranking 20th out of 188 countries. These disparities suggest Poland may face challenges in meeting international sustainability goals and combatting climate change.

Government Balance Sheet

Poland's reserves and related items (BoP, current US$) stand at $18,737,237,516.16, ranking 6th out of 171 countries. This value is significantly higher than the attribute average of $1,924,407,186.58.

The country's total reserves minus gold amount to $140,316,302,987.08, placing it in the 15th position out of 161 countries. Poland exceeds the attribute average of $74,221,588,171.61.

Poland's total reserves (including gold) reach $154,219,192,491.44, ranking 19th out of 161 countries. The figure surpasses the attribute average of $85,708,019,773.47.

In terms of total reserves in months of imports, Poland stands at 5.78 months, ranking 71st out of 151 countries. This value is below the attribute average of 7.10 months.

Summary

Poland's reserves and related items, total reserves excluding gold, and total reserves including gold are all above the global attribute averages, indicating a strong financial position compared to other countries. However, Poland's total reserves in months of imports fall below the attribute average, suggesting a slightly lower buffer for external shocks.

These statistics are crucial as they showcase Poland's robust financial preparedness in terms of reserves. Having higher reserves than the average signifies a greater ability to withstand economic uncertainties and potential crises. Although the total reserves in months of imports are slightly lower than the global average, they still indicate a reasonable level of protection against external economic pressures.

Government Revenue

Poland's Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) stands at 35.05%, which is above the average of 27.02%. This places Poland at rank 27 out of 122 countries in the dataset.

For Social contributions (% of revenue), Poland's value is significantly higher at 40.82% compared to the average of 22.29%. This places Poland at rank 7 out of 81 countries.

Poland's Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue) is 35.72%, slightly above the average of 31.82%. This places Poland at rank 48 out of 122 countries.

In terms of Other taxes (% of revenue), Poland is below the average with 0.94% compared to the average of 2.12%. This ranks Poland at 54 out of 106 countries.

Poland's Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue) is below average at 13.21%, compared to the average of 24.66%. This places Poland at rank 100 out of 119 countries.

Summary

Poland's macroeconomic indicators show that the country has a relatively high revenue, excluding grants, as a percentage of GDP, indicating a strong economic performance. However, the significantly higher social contributions and taxes on goods and services percentages suggest a higher burden on the population and businesses. The lower ranking in taxes on income, profits, and capital gains highlights potential challenges in generating revenue from these sources, which may impact long-term fiscal sustainability.

Taxes

Tax revenue (% of GDP): Poland's tax revenue accounts for 17.48% of its GDP, slightly above the average of 16.72% among 123 countries. Poland ranks 53 out of the 123 countries included in the data.

Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes): Poland's tax contribution from income, profits, and capital gains is 26.49%, below the average of 38.40% among 120 countries. Poland ranks 97 out of the 120 countries in this category.

Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%): Poland's applied tariff rate of 1.48% is significantly lower than the average of 5.21% across 153 countries. Poland ranks 131 out of the 153 countries included in this data set.

Summary

Poland's tax revenue as a percentage of its GDP is slightly above the global average, indicating a healthy level of government revenue collection. However, the country's reliance on taxes from income, profits, and capital gains is below average, suggesting potential room for diversification in revenue sources. Poland's low applied tariff rate compared to the global average reflects a more open trade environment which could attract foreign investments and stimulate economic growth.

Government Expenses

1. Expense (% of GDP): Poland's expense as a percentage of GDP is 40.94%, which is higher than the average of 31.69%. Poland ranks 31st out of 123 countries in this attribute.

2. Compensation of employees (% of expense): Poland's compensation of employees as a percentage of expense is 12.34%, below the average of 24.70%. Poland ranks 101st out of 123 countries in this attribute.

3. Goods and services expense (% of expense): Poland's goods and services expense as a percentage of overall expense is 6.37%, lower than the average of 14.77%. Poland ranks 100th out of 122 countries in this attribute.

4. Interest payments (% of expense): Poland's interest payments as a percentage of expense is 3.01%, which is below the average of 6.85%. Poland ranks 82nd out of 121 countries in this attribute.

5. Other expense (% of expense): Poland's other expenses as a percentage of total expense is 3.33%, also below the average of 8.29%. Poland ranks 94th out of 120 countries in this attribute.

6. Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense): Poland's subsidies and other transfers as a percentage of overall expense is 47.12%, higher than the average of 43.29%. Poland ranks 50th out of 121 countries in this attribute.

Summary

Poland shows a higher than average expense as a percentage of GDP, ranking 31st out of 123 countries. However, its compensation of employees, goods and services expense, interest payments, and other expenses all fall below the global averages, placing Poland in the lower percentiles among nations. Notably, Poland's higher percentage of subsidies and other transfers could indicate a greater government intervention in the economy compared to other countries.

Top Stats

Ranks in Top Decile For:

Attribute	Rank/Total
Death rate, crude (per 1,000 people)	17/192
Scientific and technical journal articles	17/192
Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$)	18/182
External balance on goods and services (current US$)	12/163
Net trade in goods and services (BoP, current US$)	11/171
Net capital account (BoP, current US$)	1/159
Merchandise imports (current US$)	18/190
Manufactures imports (% of merchandise imports)	10/152
Secure Internet servers	15/193
Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$)	6/171
Total reserves minus gold (current US$)	15/161
Social contributions (% of revenue)	7/81

Ranks in Bottom Decile For:

Attribute	Rank/Total
Fertility rate, total (births per woman)	173/190
Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$)	159/169
Net primary income (BoP, current US$)	159/170