Peru

Description of Peru

Peru, located in South America, is a country rich in cultural heritage, natural resources, and economic potential. Its diverse landscape, encompassing the Andes mountains, the Amazon rainforest, and the Pacific coastline, makes it a unique and strategically important nation. With a history dating back thousands of years to ancient civilizations such as the Inca Empire, Peru has a strong sense of tradition and identity. Today, Peru is undergoing rapid development and modernization, attracting foreign investment and increasing its global presence. As we delve into the macroeconomic and geopolitical landscape of Peru, we will examine the various factors shaping its trajectory and the implications for its future growth and stability.

Population And Age Structure

Population, total: With a population of 33,304,756, Peru is below the average population of 40,097,746. Peru ranks 44th out of 194 countries in terms of population size.

Population ages 0-14 (% of total population): Peru's population aged 0-14 accounts for 26.67% of the total population, slightly below the average of 27.34%. Peru is ranked 95th out of 194 countries for this demographic.

Population ages 0-14, total: In Peru, the total population aged 0-14 is 8,884,000, lower than the average of 10,327,380. Peru ranks 47th out of 194 countries in this category.

Population ages 15-64 (% of total population): The working-age population (15-64 years) in Peru makes up 65.07% of the total population, higher than the average of 63.44%. Peru holds the 89th rank out of 194 countries for this demographic.

Population ages 15-64, total: Peru's total population aged 15-64 is 21,672,269, below the average of 26,003,407. Peru ranks 43rd out of 194 countries in this age group.

Population ages 65 and above (% of total population): Individuals aged 65 and above represent 8.25% of Peru's total population, compared to the average of 9.22%. Peru is ranked 82nd out of 194 countries for this demographic.

Population ages 65 and above, total: Peru has a total of 2,748,486 individuals aged 65 and above, lower than the average of 3,766,959. Peru holds the 37th rank out of 194 countries in this age category.

Summary

Peru's population of 33,304,756 falls below the global average, with significant proportions in both the younger and working-age demographics. The country has a lower percentage of children aged 0-14 and individuals aged 65 and above compared to the worldwide average, indicating a relatively larger working-age population. This demographic distribution is crucial as it impacts areas such as healthcare, education, workforce composition, and pension systems, influencing government policies and social development programs in Peru.

Population Miscellaneous

Analysis of key statistics for Peru:

1. Rural population: With a value of 7,228,131, Peru's rural population is significantly below the average of 18,044,041.29, ranking 70th out of 190 countries.

2. Rural population (% of total population): At 21.703%, Peru's rural population as a percentage of total population is well below the average of 41.16%, placing it at 145th out of 190 countries.

3. Urban population: Peru's urban population of 26,076,625 is above the average of 22,425,747.38, ranking 33rd out of 194 countries.

4. Urban population (% of total population): With 78.297% of its population residing in urban areas, Peru is above the average of 59.69%, ranking 50th out of 194 countries.

5. Age dependency ratio (% of working-age population): Peru has a ratio of 53.67%, below the average of 59.22%. It ranks 106th out of 194 countries.

6. Birth rate, crude: Peru's crude birth rate of 17.833 per 1,000 people is below the average of 19.38, placing it at 93rd out of 192 countries.

7. Death rate, crude: The crude death rate in Peru is 7.327 per 1,000 people, slightly below the average of 8.21. It ranks 107th out of 192 countries.

8. Fertility rate, total: Peru's total fertility rate of 2.216 births per woman is below the average of 2.60, ranking 92nd out of 190 countries.

Summary

Peru exhibits a lower rural population and a higher urban population compared to global averages. The country also has a below-average age dependency ratio and fertility rate. These statistics are crucial indicators for Peru's economic development and social welfare, pointing towards a more urbanized and potentially economically productive population with lower dependency burdens.

Military

- Military expenditure (current USD): Peru's military expenditure is $2,653,592,900.09, which is significantly below the average of $12,904,993,617.17. Peru ranks 53 out of 149 countries in this attribute. - Military expenditure (% of GDP): Peru's military expenditure as a percentage of GDP is 1.31%, below the average of 1.90%. Peru ranks 96 out of 148 countries in this attribute. - Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values): Peru's arms imports amount to $28,000,000, much lower than the average of $205,522,123.89. Peru ranks 65 out of 113 countries in this attribute. - Armed forces personnel, total: Peru has a total of 158,000 armed forces personnel, slightly below the average of 165,908.54. Peru ranks 39 out of 164 countries in this attribute. - Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force): Peru's armed forces personnel as a percentage of the total labor force is 0.94%, below the average of 1.28%. Peru ranks 72 out of 164 countries in this attribute.

Summary

Peru's military expenditure, arms imports, and number of armed forces personnel are all below the global averages. While this could indicate a relatively smaller military presence compared to other countries, it could also suggest efficient allocation of resources towards other sectors like infrastructure, education, or healthcare, contributing to the country's overall development and economic stability.

Natural Resources

Peru's Forest area of 723,303.7 sq. km is significantly above the average of 211,606.11 sq. km, ranking 9th out of 191 countries in the dataset.

With a Land area of 1,280,000 sq. km, Peru surpasses the average of 665,166.51 sq. km, ranking 19th out of 194 countries.

Peru's Surface area of 1,285,220 sq. km also exceeds the average of 689,779.56 sq. km, ranking 19th out of 194 countries in the dataset.

The Arable land in Peru spans 3,935,261.5 hectares, which is below the average of 7,329,543.16 hectares, ranking 57th out of 190 countries.

Peru's Land under cereal production covers 1,185,746 hectares, falling short of the average of 4,206,011.63 hectares, ranking 72nd out of 174 countries.

With an Average precipitation of 1,738 mm per year, Peru experiences higher rainfall compared to the average of 1,157.83 mm per year, ranking 42nd out of 178 countries.

Peru's Renewable internal freshwater resources total 1,641 billion cubic meters, significantly higher than the average of 240.41 billion cubic meters, ranking 8th out of 178 countries in the dataset.

Summary

Peru stands out in several key macroeconomic indicators related to its natural resources and land usage. It boasts abundant forest area, land area, surface area, and renewable internal freshwater resources, ranking notably higher than the global averages in these categories. While its arable land and land under cereal production are comparatively lower, Peru's plentiful water resources and expansive land area provide a strong foundation for agricultural and economic development. These indicators signal Peru's potential for sustainable agriculture, resource utilization, and environmental resilience, positioning the country favorably for future growth and prosperity.

Resource Rents

Total natural resources rents (% of GDP): Peru's value is 3.98%, below the average of 4.63%. Peru ranks 63 out of 175 countries in this attribute.

Coal rents (% of GDP): Peru's value is 0.001%, significantly below the average of 0.40%. Peru ranks 57 out of 65 countries in this attribute.

Forest rents (% of GDP): Peru's value is 0.13%, well below the average of 1.53%. Peru ranks 109 out of 174 countries in this attribute.

Oil rents (% of GDP): Peru's value is 0.10%, far below the average of 2.51%. Peru ranks 69 out of 117 countries in this attribute.

Natural gas rents (% of GDP): Peru's value is 0.18%, lower than the average of 1.25%. Peru ranks 44 out of 96 countries in this attribute.

Mineral rents (% of GDP): Peru's value is 3.56%, significantly above the average of 1.23%. Peru ranks 13 out of 86 countries in this attribute.

Summary

Peru's macroeconomic indicators show that the country's natural resources rents as a percentage of GDP are generally below the global average across various resource categories such as coal, oil, and forest rents. However, Peru stands out in mineral rents, with a value significantly above the average, positioning the country at 13th out of 86 countries. Despite challenges in some resource sectors, the higher mineral rents indicate a potential area of strength and economic opportunity for Peru in terms of resource extraction and export revenue diversification.

Commodities

Peru's cereal production of 5,403,703.65 metric tons is below the average of 17,249,945.93 metric tons, ranking 53 out of 174 countries in the dataset. In aquaculture production, Peru's 143,829.72 metric tons is also below the average of 679,642.92 metric tons, ranking 31 out of 180 countries. For capture fisheries production, Peru excels with 5,676,965.48 metric tons, well above the average of 4,674,53.06 metric tons, ranking 3 out of 190 countries. Similarly, in total fisheries production, Peru's 5,820,795.2 metric tons surpasses the average of 1,153,914.85 metric tons, ranking 5 out of 182 countries. Conversely, Peru's fertilizer consumption of 141.49 kilograms per hectare of arable land is below the average of 159.04 kilograms, ranking 66 out of 187 countries.

Summary

Peru performs below average in cereal and aquaculture production but excels in capture fisheries and total fisheries production compared to global averages. However, the country lags behind in fertilizer consumption per hectare of arable land. These indicators reflect Peru's strengths in fisheries sectors and highlight the need for improvement in agricultural practices to enhance productivity and sustainability in the long term.

Intellectual Property

Peru's industrial design applications by nonresidents are below the attribute average, with a value of 183 compared to the average of 1415.83. Peru ranks 63rd out of 112 countries in this category. In terms of resident industrial design applications, Peru's value of 93 is also below the average of 9799.58, ranking 70th out of 113 countries.

For patent applications by nonresidents, Peru's value of 1142 is below the average of 6538.40. The country ranks 31st out of 129 in this area. Meanwhile, in patent applications by residents, Peru's value of 125 is significantly below the average of 19037.56, placing Peru at 64th out of 117 countries.

Peru's trademark applications by nonresidents, with a value of 10970, are also below the average of 15878.93. The country ranks 37th out of 130 in this aspect. Additionally, trademark applications by residents in Peru are significantly lower than the average of 111055.78, with a value of 26280, ranking 31st out of 129 countries.

In terms of scientific and technical journal articles, Peru's value of 2701.5 is below the average of 15103.76. The country ranks 66th out of 192 countries in this category.

Regarding charges for the use of intellectual property, Peru's payments amount to 459604252.87 USD, significantly below the average of 3218843494.39 USD. Peru ranks 47th out of 143 countries in terms of payments. On the other hand, Peru's receipts for intellectual property use are at 25098048 USD, also notably lower than the average of 3191687117.58 USD, placing the country 56th out of 122 countries for receipts.

Summary

Peru's industrial design, patent, trademark applications, and scientific publications by both residents and nonresidents are consistently below global averages, affecting its rankings among other countries. Additionally, Peru's payments and receipts for intellectual property use are significantly lower than the global average, indicating potential challenges in leveraging intellectual property for economic growth and innovation.

These findings are important as they highlight Peru's comparatively lower levels of innovation and intellectual property activities compared to other countries. Addressing these disparities and investing in research and development could help Peru improve its competitiveness, attract more foreign investment, and stimulate economic growth in the long run.

Broad Economy Attributes

Peru's GDP (current US$) is $201.95 billion, ranking 49th out of 189 countries, which is below the average GDP of $442.87 billion.

In terms of GDP, PPP (current international $), Peru's value is $393.46 billion, ranking 47th out of 181 countries, below the average GDP of $734.14 billion.

Peru's GDP per capita (current US$) stands at $6,063.63, ranking 91st out of 190 countries, below the average GDP per capita of $15,462.11.

For GDP per capita, PPP (current international $), Peru's value is $11,813.99, ranking 100th out of 181 countries, below the average GDP per capita of $21,251.89.

Peru's GNI (current US$) is $196.59 billion, ranking 49th out of 185 countries, below the average GNI of $452.04 billion.

Regarding GNI, PPP (current international $), Peru's value amounts to $383.02 billion, ranking 46th out of 181 countries, below the average GNI of $730.69 billion.

Peru's GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) is $11,500, ranking 100th out of 181 countries, below the average GNI per capita of $20,615.75.

Summary

Peru's macroeconomic indicators, such as GDP, GDP per capita, and GNI, consistently rank below the global averages. The lower rankings in both nominal and PPP values indicate that Peru's economic output and income levels are lagging behind compared to the average of countries worldwide. This suggests that Peru may face challenges in terms of economic development, competitiveness, and overall standard of living.

Broad Value Added

1. Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$): Peru's GVA is $186.29 billion, ranking 45 out of 176 countries. It is below the average GVA of $360.07 billion.

2. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (% of GDP): Peru's value added in this sector is 7.70% of GDP, ranking 90 out of 182 countries. It is below the average of 10.86%.

3. Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$): Peru's value added is $15.54 billion, ranking 35 out of 182 countries. It is below the average of $19.92 billion.

4. Services, value added (% of GDP): Peru's service value added is 54.31% of GDP, ranking 102 out of 183 countries. It is below the average of 56.72%.

5. Services, value added (current US$): Peru's service value added is $109.68 billion, ranking 50 out of 183 countries. It is below the average of $295.84 billion.

6. Industry (including construction), value added (current US$): Peru's industry value added is $61.07 billion, ranking 48 out of 183 countries. It is below the average of $118.42 billion.

Summary

Peru's economy shows a lower than average performance in key macroeconomic indicators. With a GVA, value added in agriculture sector, service value added, and industry value added all below global averages, Peru may struggle to fully capitalize on its economic potential. These indicators are crucial as they reflect the country's economic diversification and competitiveness, highlighting areas where Peru may need to focus on improving to enhance its economic growth and stability.

Manufacturing Value Added

Peru's Manufacturing, value added (current US$) is $24,682,247,854.83, below the average of $76,207,179,589.66. Peru ranks 48 out of 173 countries in this attribute.

Peru's Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP) is 12.22%, slightly above the average of 11.90%. Peru ranks 80 out of 173 countries in this attribute.

Peru's Medium and high-tech manufacturing value added (% manufacturing value added) is 13.51%, below the average of 24.49%. Peru ranks 101 out of 149 countries in this attribute.

Peru's Chemicals (% of value added in manufacturing) is 7.04%, below the average of 11.56%. Peru ranks 63 out of 89 countries in this attribute.

Peru's Food, beverages and tobacco (% of value added in manufacturing) is 30.85%, above the average of 24.51%. Peru ranks 28 out of 92 countries in this attribute.

Peru's Machinery and transport equipment (% of value added in manufacturing) is 5.52%, well below the average of 16.85%. Peru ranks 68 out of 93 countries in this attribute.

Peru's Textiles and clothing (% of value added in manufacturing) is 6.48%, slightly above the average of 6.33%. Peru ranks 28 out of 93 countries in this attribute.

Peru's Other manufacturing (% of value added in manufacturing) is 50.10%, above the average of 42.13%. Peru ranks 22 out of 94 countries in this attribute.

Summary

Peru's manufacturing sector plays a significant role in its economy, with a value added that is below the global average but still substantial at $24.68 billion. The country shows strengths in food, beverages, and tobacco production, where it surpasses the average. However, Peru faces challenges in high-tech manufacturing and machinery, indicating potential areas for improvement to enhance industrial diversification and competitiveness.

These statistics are important as they provide insight into Peru's industrial structure and its position in the global manufacturing landscape. Understanding these key indicators can help policymakers identify opportunities for growth, address sectoral weaknesses, and make informed decisions to boost economic development and competitiveness in the long term.

Money

Peru's consumer prices inflation rate is 2.00%, below the average of 8.26%. The country ranks 82 out of 165 countries in this statistic.

Peru's GDP deflator inflation rate stands at 3.92%, below the average of 6.90%. It ranks 63 out of 188 countries in this metric.

Peru's broad money growth rate is 11.79%, below the average of 18.03%. The country holds the 84th position out of 139 countries in this aspect.

Peru's broad money as a percentage of GDP is 59.21%, below the average of 71.75%. It ranks 75 out of 139 countries in this category.

Peru's broad money to total reserves ratio is 1.60, below the average of 5.17. The country ranks 106 out of 126 nations concerning this ratio.

Summary

Peru's key macroeconomic indicators, such as consumer prices inflation rate, GDP deflator inflation rate, broad money growth rate, broad money as a percentage of GDP, and broad money to total reserves ratio, all depict the country performing below global averages. These statistics showcase Peru's conservative monetary policies and stable economic environment. Despite lower rankings, these indicators signify a disciplined approach to economic management, laying a foundation for sustainable growth and financial stability in the long term.

Consumption Expenditure

Peru's Final consumption expenditure in current US dollars is $161.63 billion, which is below the average of $381.63 billion. Peru ranks 47 out of 159 countries in this attribute.

Final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP for Peru is 80.03%, slightly below the average of 82.37%. Peru holds the 81st rank out of 159 countries in this aspect of expenditure.

General government final consumption expenditure in current US dollars for Peru stands at $32.42 billion, well below the average of $93.68 billion. Peru ranks 50 out of 158 countries in this category.

Peru's General government final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP is 16.05%, lower than the average of 18.71%. The country is ranked 95th out of 158 countries in this metric.

Household and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure in current US dollars for Peru is $129.21 billion, which is below the average of $290.13 billion. Peru holds the 44th rank out of 158 countries in this expenditure category.

Peru's Household and NPISHs final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP is 63.98%, slightly above the average of 63.68%. The country ranks 73 out of 158 countries in this aspect of expenditure.

Summary

Peru's final consumption expenditure in current US dollars, both at the general government and household levels, lags behind the global average. However, the country's final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP for both sectors is relatively close to the global average, indicating efficiency in expenditure allocation. These indicators are crucial as they reflect the level of economic activity, government spending, and household consumption patterns, providing insights into Peru's economic development and potential for growth.

Equities

Peru has a total of 199 listed domestic companies, ranking 31st out of 72 countries in the dataset. This is below the average of 636.625 listed domestic companies.

The total value of stocks traded in Peru is $2,112,620,000, placing Peru 42nd out of 71 countries. This figure is significantly below the average of $1,379,501,820,911.91 in total stock value.

Stocks traded as a percentage of GDP in Peru stands at 1.05%, ranking 47th out of 71 countries. This is notably lower than the average percentage of 31.65% of GDP.

The market capitalization of listed domestic companies in Peru amounts to $87,092,130,000. Peru ranks 34th out of 73 countries in this metric, falling below the average market capitalization of $1,196,037,851,618.88.

Peru's market capitalization of listed domestic companies as a percentage of GDP is 43.13%, positioning Peru at 35th out of 73 countries. This percentage is lower than the average of 71.24% of GDP.

The S&P Global Equity Indices for Peru experienced a -12.47% annual change, ranking Peru 64th out of 79 countries. This is significantly below the average annual change of 2.06%.

Summary

Peru ranks below average in various key macroeconomic indicators such as the number of listed domestic companies, total stock value, stock value as a percentage of GDP, market capitalization of listed domestic companies, and annual change in S&P Global Equity Indices. These statistics indicate a relatively smaller and less active stock market in Peru compared to other countries in the dataset. This could suggest lower investor confidence, less developed financial markets, and potentially limited opportunities for capital growth and investment in the country.

Investment

Peru's foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$) stands at 839,950,289.57, ranking 25th out of 169 countries. This value is above the attribute average, highlighting Peru's attractiveness to foreign investors.

For foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), Peru recorded 791,099,206.41, ranking 79th out of 182 countries. The value is significantly below the attribute average, indicating room for improvement in attracting foreign capital.

Peru's foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) is 0.39%, ranking 142nd out of 178 countries. This value is below the attribute average, suggesting Peru may need to focus on increasing its FDI inflows relative to its GDP.

In terms of foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), Peru's value is 1,631,049,495.98, ranking 36th out of 156 countries. This amount is below the attribute average, indicating a more conservative approach to investing abroad.

Peru's foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP) is 0.81%, ranking 37th out of 155 countries. The value is below the attribute average, showing that Peru's net FDI outflows relative to its GDP are relatively restrained.

The country's portfolio investment, net (BoP, current US$) is -9,568,580,529.22, ranking 151st out of 159 countries. This value is significantly below the attribute average, reflecting challenges in the portfolio investment sector.

Peru's portfolio investment in bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$) is 8,461,326,000, ranking 5th out of 59 countries. This amount is above the attribute average, indicating Peru's strength in bond investments compared to other nations.

For portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$), Peru reflects -208,714,504.50, ranking 94th out of 125 countries. The value is below the attribute average, signaling a need for increased focus on equity investments in the country.

Summary

Peru's foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows are below the global average, signaling the need for enhanced strategies to attract more foreign capital. On the other hand, the country excels in bond investments, indicating relative strength in this sector. The lower portfolio investment net value implies challenges in this area, highlighting the importance of bolstering portfolio investment activities to improve overall economic growth and stability.

Debt

Total debt service (% of GNI): In Peru, the total debt service as a percentage of GNI is below the average compared to 120 countries, with Peru ranked 73rd.

Public and publicly guaranteed debt service (% of GNI): Peru's public and publicly guaranteed debt service as a percentage of GNI is significantly below the average of 2.84%, ranking 103rd out of 120 countries.

External debt stocks (% of GNI): Peru's external debt stocks as a percentage of GNI is substantially lower than the average, ranking 84th out of 120 countries.

Debt service on external debt, total (TDS, current US$): Peru's total debt service on external debt in current US dollars is notably below the average, with Peru ranked 24th out of 123 countries.

Debt service on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (TDS, current US$): Peru's debt service on public and publicly guaranteed external debt is significantly lower than the average, ranking 40th out of 123 countries.

External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$): Peru's external debt stocks in public and publicly guaranteed debt in current US dollars are below the average, with Peru ranked 30th out of 123 countries.

External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$): Peru's external debt stocks in private nonguaranteed debt in current US dollars are above the average, with Peru ranked 18th out of 91 countries.

External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$): Peru's total external debt stocks in current US dollars are slightly below the average, with Peru ranked 23rd out of 123 countries.

Summary

Peru maintains a favorable position in terms of its debt-related macroeconomic indicators when compared to a group of 120 countries. The country demonstrates lower debt service percentages, both in total and for public and publicly guaranteed debts, as well as lower external debt stocks relative to its Gross National Income (GNI). Peru also ranks well in terms of debt service on external debt and external debt stocks when measured in current US dollars. These indicators are crucial as they signify Peru's ability to manage its debts efficiently, which can enhance its creditworthiness, attract foreign investment, and contribute to overall economic stability and growth.

Broad Trade Attributes

Peru's Trade (% of GDP) is 43.83%, which is below the average of 82.34%. It ranks 133 out of 163 countries in this attribute.

Peru's Merchandise trade (% of GDP) stands at 37.50%, lower than the average of 60.01%. It ranks 143 out of 186 countries in this attribute.

In terms of Trade in services (% of GDP), Peru's value is 5.10%, significantly lower than the average of 24.63%. It ranks 164 out of 171 countries.

Peru's External balance on goods and services (current US$) is $3,206,270,6.07, slightly below the average of $3,405,509,011.13. It ranks 37 out of 163 countries.

Peru's External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) is 1.59%, above the average of -5.97%. It ranks 54 out of 163 countries in this attribute.

Summary

Peru's trade metrics show that the country has a moderate trade-to-GDP ratio, although it lags behind the global average. Its merchandise trade as a percentage of GDP is notably lower than the world average, indicating a potential imbalance in trade activities. Moreover, Peru's reliance on trade in services is significantly below the global average, suggesting room for diversification and growth in this sector. Despite a slightly lower than average external balance in current US dollars, Peru's external balance as a percentage of GDP is positive, highlighting the country's ability to generate surplus through trade.

These findings are important as they reveal Peru's position in the global trade landscape, indicating areas of strength and weakness. Understanding these metrics can help policymakers focus on enhancing competitiveness, boosting exports, and fostering a balanced trade environment to drive economic growth and stability.

Net Trade

1. Current account balance (BoP, current US$): Peru's current account balance is $2,235,088,935.78, which is above the average of $1,443,864,831.49. Peru ranks 36th out of 170 countries for this attribute.

2. Current account balance (% of GDP): Peru's current account balance is 1.11% of its GDP, higher than the average of -2.36%. Peru ranks 56th out of 170 countries for this attribute.

3. Net trade in goods and services (BoP, current US$): Peru's net trade in goods and services is $3,241,151,396.95, higher than the average of $2,604,730,003.57. Peru ranks 36th out of 171 countries for this attribute.

4. Net primary income (BoP, current US$): Peru's net primary income is -$6,185,559,079.13, below the average of -$903,807,529.74. Peru ranks 147th out of 170 countries for this attribute.

5. Net secondary income (BoP, current US$): Peru's net secondary income is $5,179,496,617.95, significantly higher than the average of -$269,227,340.40. Peru ranks 24th out of 170 countries for this attribute.

6. Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$): Peru's net trade in goods is $8,101,601,142.91, well above the average of $1,302,831,005.68. Peru ranks 30th out of 171 countries for this attribute.

7. Net capital account (BoP, current US$): Peru's net capital account is $3,731,979.18, below the average of $136,543,824.05. Peru ranks 114th out of 159 countries for this attribute.

8. Net financial account (BoP, current US$): Peru's net financial account is -$1,235,201,304.67, below the average of -$469,840,994.63. Peru ranks 124th out of 170 countries for this attribute.

Summary

Peru demonstrates a positive current account balance, standing above the global average in both absolute terms and as a percentage of its GDP. The country's strong performance in net trade in goods and services, net secondary income, and net trade in goods further solidifies its position among other nations. However, challenges exist in net primary income and the net financial account, indicating areas that may require attention to maintain economic stability and growth.

These indicators are crucial as they reflect Peru's economic position in the global landscape, showcasing its ability to attract investments, manage trade relations, and generate income streams. Addressing the deficits in net primary income and the financial account can help ensure a more balanced and sustainable economic future for Peru.

Broad Export Attributes

Peru's Exports of goods, services and primary income amount to $47.54 billion, ranking 51st out of 170 countries. This value is below the attribute average of $146.24 billion.

Peru's Exports of goods and services total $45.54 billion, ranking 51st out of 170 countries. This value is also below the attribute average of $122.93 billion.

Peru's Exports of goods and services amount to $45.86 billion, ranking 53rd out of 163 countries. This value falls below the attribute average of $129.59 billion.

Peru's Exports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP stand at 22.71%, ranking 111th out of 163 countries. This value is below the attribute average of 38.19%.

Peru's Goods exports come to $42.83 billion, ranking 47th out of 171 countries. This value is below the attribute average of $93.31 billion.

Peru's International tourism receipts account for 2.20% of total exports, ranking 84th out of 120 countries. This percentage is below the attribute average of 9.74%.

Peru's ICT goods exports as a percentage of total goods exports are 0.07%, ranking 115th out of 142 countries. This value is significantly below the attribute average of 3.81%.

Summary

Peru's exports of goods, services, and primary income, as well as goods and services alone, are below the global average, indicating a potential underperformance in international trade compared to many other countries. The country's exports as a percentage of GDP and its international tourism receipts are also notably below average, suggesting a lower level of economic integration and external revenue generation. These indicators are crucial as they highlight Peru's relative position in global trade, its economic openness, and its dependency on key sectors for revenue generation. Addressing these gaps could be essential for enhancing Peru's competitiveness and economic growth in the international market.

Merchandise Exports

Peru's merchandise exports amount to $39.6 billion, ranking 51st out of 187 countries. This is below the global average of $89.5 billion.

The country's agricultural raw materials exports account for 0.78% of its total merchandise exports. Peru ranks 97th out of 151 countries, with this percentage significantly below the global average of 2.97%.

Peru's food exports represent 26.04% of its merchandise exports, placing it 48th out of 152 countries. This is slightly above the global average of 24.06%.

With fuel exports making up 3.78% of its merchandise exports, Peru ranks 70th out of 147 countries. This percentage is considerably lower than the global average of 13.70%.

Ores and metals exports constitute 43.51% of Peru's merchandise exports, ranking it 7th out of 152 countries. This percentage is significantly higher than the global average of 9.10%.

Peru's residual merchandise exports, which are unclassified, make up 0.90% of its total merchandise exports. The country ranks 58th out of 166 countries, with this percentage below the global average of 3.20%.

Summary

Peru's key macroeconomic indicators reveal a diverse export profile, with a strong focus on ores and metals, comprising 43.51% of its merchandise exports. However, the country's reliance on agricultural raw materials for exports is low at 0.78%. The high proportion of food exports at 26.04% indicates a significant contribution to the economy. Understanding these export compositions is crucial for Peru's economic development strategies, as it highlights areas of strength and potential vulnerabilities in the global market.

Technology Exports

Peru's Manufactures exports account for 9.30% of its merchandise exports, significantly below the average of 42.62%. With a rank of 129 out of 152 countries, there is room for Peru to increase its manufactures exports.

High-technology exports in Peru amount to $172,740,806, much lower than the average of $16,655,934,078.80. This places Peru at a rank of 76 out of 151 countries in this category.

Peru's High-technology exports as a percentage of manufactured exports stand at 4.79%, falling short of the average of 10.15%. Peru ranks 87 out of 150 countries in this aspect.

For Medium and high-tech exports as a percentage of manufactured exports, Peru's value is 6.26%, notably lower than the average of 34.29%. This places Peru at a rank of 132 out of 149 countries.

Summary

Peru's macroeconomic indicators reveal a significant underperformance in its exports sector, particularly in high-technology and medium/high-tech exports. With low percentages in these categories compared to global averages, Peru ranks relatively lower among countries worldwide. Addressing this disparity is crucial for Peru's economic development as it signifies a lost opportunity for revenue generation, technological advancement, and global competitiveness.

Service Exports

Peru's Service exports amount to $2,718,303,244.91, which is significantly below the average of $28,917,292,503.82. Peru ranks 79th out of 171 countries in this category.

ICT service exports for Peru total $105,292,041.06, well below the average of $4,578,501,153.77. Peru's rank in this attribute is 96th out of 166 countries.

Peru's ICT service exports (% of service exports) stand at 3.87%, significantly lower than the average of 11.75%. The country ranks 126th out of 166 nations in this aspect.

Communications, computer, etc. (% of service exports) in Peru is 34.90%, below the average of 45.85%. Peru ranks 108th out of 169 countries in this metric.

Peru's Transport services (% of service exports) are at 29.39%, higher than the average of 21.80%. The country holds the 48th rank out of 169 nations in this indicator.

Travel services (% of service exports) for Peru stand at 28.54%, slightly above the average of 26.40%. Peru holds the 60th rank out of 167 countries in this category.

Peru's Insurance and financial services (% of service exports) are at 7.17%, higher than the average of 6.46%. The country ranks 48th out of 161 nations in this attribute.

Summary

Peru's service exports, ICT service exports, ICT service exports (% of service exports), communications, computer, etc. (% of service exports), transport services (% of service exports), travel services (% of service exports), and insurance and financial services (% of service exports) all display varying levels in comparison to global averages and rankings. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Peru's competitiveness, specialization, and integration in the global market, highlighting areas of strength and potential for improvement in the country's service sector.

Commercial Service Exports

Peru's commercial service exports amount to $2,545,875,144.23, ranking 80th out of 171 countries. This value is significantly below the average commercial service export value of $28,508,218,402.80.

Travel services contribute 30.47% to Peru's commercial service exports, which is higher than the average of 27.89%. Peru ranks 60th out of 167 countries in this indicator.

Peru's contribution of computer, communications, and other services to commercial exports at 30.49% is below the average of 42.44%, placing Peru at the 109th position out of 169 countries.

The country's insurance and financial services make up 7.66% of commercial service exports, slightly above the average of 6.97%. Peru ranks 47th out of 161 countries in this aspect.

Transport services represent 31.38% of Peru's commercial service exports, which is higher than the average of 23.37%. Peru ranks 49th out of 169 countries in this category.

Summary

Peru's commercial service exports amount to $2,545,875,144.23, ranking 80th out of 171 countries, significantly below the average of $28,508,218,402.80. Travel services and transport services make up a significant portion of Peru's commercial service exports, outperforming the global averages. However, the country lags in the contribution of computer, communications, and other services, indicating potential areas for growth and diversification in its service export portfolio.

These findings are important as they highlight Peru's strengths and weaknesses in different service export sectors compared to global averages and rankings. Addressing the underperformance in certain service categories can help Peru enhance its competitiveness, expand its export base, and boost its overall economic growth and resilience.

Broad Import Attributes

Peru's Imports of goods and services in current US dollars amount to $42,658,516,982.12, ranking 57th out of 163 countries. This value is below the average of $126,191,355,599.06 for all countries in the dataset.

Peru's Imports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP is 21.12%, ranking 140th out of 163 countries. This percentage is below the average of 44.15% for all countries in the dataset.

Peru's International tourism expenditures as a percentage of total imports stand at 2.22%, ranking 89th out of 131 countries. This figure is below the average of 3.98% for all countries in the dataset.

Peru's ICT goods imports as a percentage of total goods imports are at 9.26%, ranking 29th out of 143 countries. This percentage is above the average of 6.85% for all countries in the dataset.

Peru's Goods imports in current US dollars amount to $34,723,999,57.47, ranking 55th out of 171 countries. This value is below the average of $92,007,788,027.17 for all countries in the dataset.

Peru's Imports of goods and services in BoP (Balance of Payments) in current US dollars amount to $42,302,752,948.33, ranking 58th out of 170 countries. This value is below the average of $120,321,577,988.12 for all countries in the dataset.

Peru's Imports of goods, services, and primary income in BoP in current US dollars amount to $50,484,222,544.75, ranking 55th out of 170 countries. This figure is below the average of $144,514,428,722.28 for all countries in the dataset.

Summary

Peru's imports of goods and services, both in absolute value and as a percentage of GDP, are below the dataset averages, indicating a relatively conservative approach to international trade. However, Peru's higher-than-average ICT goods imports suggest a focused investment in technology. While the country's international tourism expenditures as a percentage of total imports are below average, this could signify potential for growth in the tourism sector.

These findings are important as they highlight Peru's economic priorities and positioning in the global market. The lower import values may indicate a need for diversification in trade partners or products, while the emphasis on ICT goods showcases a strategic investment in technology. The relatively low international tourism expenditures suggest untapped potential for further economic development through tourism promotion and investment.

Merchandise Imports

Peru's merchandise imports amount to $36.14 billion, ranking 56th out of 190 countries. This value is below the average of $89.39 billion.

Manufactures imports account for 74.5% of Peru's merchandise imports, placing it in the 35th position out of 152 countries. This percentage is above the average of 66.76%.

Peru's import of agricultural raw materials as a percentage of merchandise imports is 1.21%, ranking 67th out of 152 countries. This value is slightly below the average of 1.27%.

Food imports constitute 13.98% of Peru's merchandise imports, positioning it at 80th place out of 152 countries. This percentage falls below the average of 15.89%.

Fuel imports make up 9.05% of Peru's merchandise imports, placing it 93rd out of 152 countries. This percentage is lower than the average of 11.38%.

Ores and metals imports represent 1.21% of Peru's merchandise imports, ranking 98th out of 152 countries. This value is below the average of 2.57%.

Peru's residual merchandise imports account for 0.89% of the total, placing it 65th out of 180 countries. This percentage is below the average of 2.51%.

Summary

Peru's import profile shows a focus on manufactured goods, with a significant share of agricultural raw materials and food imports. However, the country lags in the importation of ores, metals, and fuel. This data indicates Peru's dependence on imported manufactured goods and agricultural products, which can impact its trade balance, domestic production capabilities, and vulnerability to external market fluctuations.

Service Imports

- Service imports (BoP, current US$): Peru's service imports amount to $7,578,752,990.87, which is significantly below the average of $27,615,356,170.47. Peru ranks 61st out of 171 countries in this attribute.
- Communications, computer, etc. (% of service imports, BoP): Peru's percentage of service imports allocated to communications, computer, etc. is 45.11%, slightly higher than the average of 44.40%. Peru ranks 89th out of 169 countries in this category.
- Transport services (% of service imports, BoP): Peru dedicates 34.06% of its service imports to transport services, surpassing the average of 32.90%. Peru ranks 71st out of 169 countries in this aspect.
- Travel services (% of service imports, BoP): Peru allocates 9.67% of its service imports to travel services, falling short of the average of 14.14%. Peru ranks 95th out of 169 countries for this metric.
- Insurance and financial services (% of service imports, BoP): Peru's service imports dedicated to insurance and financial services stand at 11.16%, notably higher than the average of 8.53%. Peru ranks 40th out of 169 countries concerning this attribute.

Summary

Peru's key macroeconomic indicators for service imports show that the country's total service imports are significantly below the global average, ranking 61st out of 171 countries. However, Peru allocates a higher percentage of its service imports to communications, computer, etc. and insurance and financial services compared to the average, ranking 89th and 40th respectively. While Peru excels in certain service import categories, such as communications and financial services, it falls behind in others like travel services. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Peru's priorities in utilizing imported services and highlight areas where the country can potentially enhance its imports strategy to boost economic growth and competitiveness.

Commercial Service Imports

Peru's Commercial service imports amount to $7,392,920,028.35, ranking 61 out of 171 countries. This is below the average of $27,102,746,128.60.

Computer, communications and other services account for 43.73% of Peru's commercial service imports, slightly above the average of 41.71%. Peru ranks 86 out of 169 countries in this category.

Peru's insurance and financial services make up 11.44% of its commercial service imports, which is higher than the average of 8.85%. Peru ranks 42 out of 169 countries for this attribute.

Transport services constitute 34.92% of Peru's commercial service imports, just slightly higher than the average of 34.71%. Peru ranks 77 out of 169 countries in this aspect.

Travel services represent 9.91% of Peru's commercial service imports, falling below the average of 14.73%. Peru ranks 94 out of 169 countries in this category.

Summary

Peru's commercial service imports are substantial but fall below the global average, indicating room for potential growth in international trade. The country's strong reliance on computer, communications, and other services suggests a growing digital economy, while its higher-than-average imports of insurance and financial services highlight a robust financial sector. However, the lower-than-average contribution of travel services implies potential for development in the tourism industry to further diversify Peru's import profile and boost economic resilience.

Infrastructure

For Air transport, freight (million ton-km), Peru has a value of 96.45 million ton-km, which is below the attribute average of 1384.37 million ton-km. Peru ranks 50 out of 126 countries in this dataset.

Peru's Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide is 42,395.99, significantly lower than the attribute average of 134,365.61 departures. Peru holds the 49th rank out of 149 countries.

In terms of Air transport, passengers carried, Peru transports 5,705,074 passengers, well below the attribute average of 11,848,242 passengers. Peru ranks 38th out of 149 countries in this category.

Peru's Container port traffic (TEU: 20 foot equivalent units) stands at 2,653,101, which is lower than the attribute average of 6,907,110.27 TEU. Peru is ranked 42 out of 110 countries for this metric.

Summary

Peru's performance in key macroeconomic indicators related to air transport and container port traffic reveals that the country has considerable room for growth and improvement in terms of transportation infrastructure. With below-average values in air freight, carrier departures, passengers carried, and container port traffic, Peru lags behind many other countries in these crucial areas. Enhancing and expanding its transportation networks could not only boost Peru's domestic connectivity but also its international trade and economic competitiveness.

Information Technology Infrastructure

Peru has 15,020 Secure Internet servers, which is significantly below the global average of 458,294. Peru ranks 64th out of 193 countries in this category.

With 450.99 Secure Internet servers per 1 million people, Peru is also below the average of 14,067. Peru ranks 97th out of 193 countries.

65.25% of individuals in Peru use the Internet, just slightly above the global average of 64.77%. Peru ranks 110th out of 180 countries.

Peru's 2,762,337 fixed broadband subscriptions are below the average of 6,591,956. Peru ranks 45th out of 185 countries.

Mobile cellular subscriptions in Peru stand at 39,358,383, lower than the global average of 42,526,464. Peru ranks 40th out of 193 countries in this regard.

Summary

Peru lags behind the global average in key macroeconomic indicators such as the number of Secure Internet servers, Secure Internet servers per 1 million people, fixed broadband subscriptions, and mobile cellular subscriptions. While the percentage of individuals using the Internet in Peru is slightly above the global average, the country still ranks relatively low compared to other nations. These statistics are important as they highlight areas where Peru may need to improve its infrastructure and technology adoption to enhance economic development, digital connectivity, and competitiveness on a global scale.

Energy Consumption

Peru's renewable energy consumption accounts for 31.62% of its total final energy consumption, which is slightly below the average of 32.18%. The country ranks 77th out of 191 countries in this attribute.

On the other hand, Peru's CO2 emissions amount to 46,578.9 kt, significantly lower than the average of 171,895.94 kt. This places Peru at the 54th rank out of 188 countries for CO2 emissions.

Summary

Peru's renewable energy consumption percentage is slightly below the global average, ranking 77th out of 191 countries. However, the country's relatively low CO2 emissions, ranking 54th out of 188 countries, showcase Peru's commitment to environmental sustainability despite its lower renewable energy consumption. These indicators are important as they reflect Peru's balance between energy efficiency and environmental impact compared to other nations globally, highlighting its potential for further sustainable development in both energy production and emissions reduction.

Government Balance Sheet

Peru's Net acquisition of financial assets is -5.17% of GDP, which is below the average of 2.45%. This places Peru at rank 84 out of 87 countries in the dataset.

Peru's Central government debt is 34.67% of GDP, below the average of 74.12%. Peru ranks 50 out of 61 countries in this metric.

Net incurrence of liabilities in Peru is 4.47% of GDP, lower than the average of 7.43%. Peru is ranked 63 out of 92 countries in this aspect.

Peru's Total reserves are 101.67% of total external debt, higher than the average of 66.13%. This places Peru at rank 18 out of 102 countries.

In terms of Reserves and related items, Peru has $5.45 billion, significantly above the average of $1.92 billion. Peru ranks 19 out of 171 countries.

Total reserves minus gold in Peru amount to $72.67 billion, slightly below the average of $74.22 billion. Peru is ranked 25 out of 161 countries in this statistic.

Peru's Total reserves (including gold) stand at $74.78 billion, below the average of $85.71 billion, placing Peru at rank 30 out of 161 countries.

Lastly, Peru's Total reserves in months of imports is 17.77, well above the average of 7.10 months. Peru ranks 8 out of 151 countries in this indicator.

Summary

Peru demonstrates prudent financial management with lower levels of central government debt and net incurrence of liabilities compared to global averages. The country also boasts high total reserves relative to external debt, indicating financial stability and a strong position to meet international obligations. Peru's substantial reserves in months of imports reflect its resilience to external economic shocks and ability to maintain import levels without relying heavily on external financing.

Government Revenue

Peru's revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) is 18.00%, which is below the average of 27.02%. Peru ranks 92 out of 122 countries for this attribute.

Grants and other revenue (% of revenue) in Peru is 16.87%, also below the average of 23.54%. Peru ranks 56 out of 108 countries for this attribute.

Peru's social contributions (% of revenue) stand at 12.18%, significantly lower than the average of 22.29%. Peru ranks 58 out of 81 countries for this attribute.

For taxes on goods and services (% of revenue), Peru records 34.55%, above the average of 31.82%. Peru ranks 52 out of 122 countries for this attribute.

Peru's taxes on international trade (% of revenue) are 0.88%, far below the average of 6.24%. Peru ranks 85 out of 101 countries for this attribute.

Other taxes (% of revenue) in Peru are 6.42%, notably above the average of 2.12%. Peru ranks 6 out of 106 countries for this attribute.

Regarding taxes on income, profits, and capital gains (% of revenue), Peru reports 29.10%, higher than the average of 24.66%. Peru ranks 41 out of 119 countries for this attribute.

Summary

Peru tends to have lower revenue, grants and other revenue, and social contributions compared to the global average, ranking below average for these indicators. However, Peru performs above average in taxes on goods and services and other taxes. This mix of revenue sources indicates a reliance on indirect taxes rather than direct contributions for government income, which could have implications for income distribution and economic development strategies in Peru.

Taxes

Peru's tax revenue as a percentage of GDP stands at 13.19%, which is below the average of 16.72%. The country ranks 85th out of 123 countries in this attribute.

Customs and other import duties account for 1.25% of Peru's tax revenue, significantly lower than the average of 9.01%. This places Peru at the 85th position out of 99 countries.

Peru derives 41.01% of its total taxes from income, profits, and capital gains, surpassing the average of 38.40%. The country ranks 48th out of 120 countries in this category.

Peru's weighted mean applied tariff rate on all products is 0.66%, substantially below the average of 5.21%. Peru holds the 149th position out of 153 countries in this aspect.

Summary

Peru's tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is lower than the global average, ranking the country 85th out of 123 nations. Despite this, Peru relies more on income, profits, and capital gains for tax collection compared to the average, placing it at 48th out of 120 countries. Additionally, Peru's low weighted mean applied tariff rate on all products suggests a more open trade policy, putting it at the 149th position out of 153 nations.

These findings are crucial as they indicate Peru's comparative position in terms of tax revenue composition and trade policy among other nations. A lower reliance on import duties could signal a need for diversification in revenue sources, while the low tariff rates may enhance the country's attractiveness for foreign investment and trade partnerships. Understanding these metrics is vital for assessing Peru's economic stability and competitiveness in the global market.

Government Expenses

Peru's Expense as a percentage of GDP is 26.83%, which is below the average of 31.69%. Peru ranks 74th out of 123 countries in this category.

For Compensation of employees as a percentage of expense, Peru's value is 16.72%, below the average of 24.70%. Peru is ranked 79th out of 123 countries for this attribute.

Goods and services expense as a percentage of total expense in Peru is 16.64%, slightly above the average of 14.77%. Peru ranks 42nd out of 122 countries in this category.

Interest payments in Peru account for 5.65% of total expense, lower than the average of 6.85%. Peru ranks 56th out of 121 countries for this attribute.

Peru's Other expense as a percentage of total expense is 15.95%, considerably higher than the average of 8.29%. Peru ranks 18th out of 120 countries in this category.

Subsidies and other transfers in Peru constitute 45.04% of total expense, higher than the average of 43.29%. Peru is ranked 56th out of 121 countries for this attribute.

Summary

Peru's key macroeconomic indicators show that the country generally has lower expenses as a percentage of GDP, with below-average values in various categories such as compensation of employees and interest payments. However, Peru deviates from the average with higher percentages in other expense and subsidies and other transfers. These findings are important as they reflect Peru's allocation of funds, highlighting areas where the country may be prioritizing spending compared to global averages.

Top Stats

Ranks in Top Decile For:

Attribute	Rank/Total
Forest area (sq. km)	9/191
Land area (sq. km)	19/194
Surface area (sq. km)	19/194
Renewable internal freshwater resources, total (billion cubic meters)	8/178
Capture fisheries production (metric tons)	3/190
Total fisheries production (metric tons)	5/182
Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$)	5/59
Ores and metals exports (% of merchandise exports)	7/152
Total reserves in months of imports	8/151
Other taxes (% of revenue)	6/106

Ranks in Bottom Decile For:

Attribute	Rank/Total
Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$)	151/159
Trade in services (% of GDP)	164/171
Net acquisition of financial assets (% of GDP)	84/87
Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%)	149/153