Kazakhstan

Description of Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan, a vast country in Central Asia, holds a strategic geopolitical position as the ninth largest country in the world. Rich in natural resources such as oil, gas, and minerals, Kazakhstan has positioned itself as a key player in the Eurasian region. Its unique blend of nomadic heritage and Soviet legacy gives Kazakhstan a distinct cultural identity. As the country continues to navigate its path towards development and modernization, understanding the macroeconomic indicators that drive its growth becomes crucial. Let's delve into how macroeconomic statistics can shed light on Kazakhstan's journey towards becoming a major player on the global stage.

Population And Age Structure

Population, total: Kazakhstan's total population is 18,755,666, which is below the average population of 40,097,746. Kazakhstan ranks 65th out of 194 countries in terms of total population.

Population ages 0-14 (% of total population): Kazakhstan's percentage of population aged 0-14 is 29.24%, slightly above the average of 27.34%. Kazakhstan ranks 79th out of 194 countries in this category.

Population ages 0-14, total: Kazakhstan's total population aged 0-14 is 5,484,992, below the average of 10,327,379. Kazakhstan ranks 67th out of 194 countries based on this statistic.

Population ages 15-64 (% of total population): Kazakhstan's percentage of population aged 15-64 is 62.91%, slightly below the average of 63.44%. Kazakhstan ranks 126th out of 194 countries in this category.

Population ages 15-64, total: Kazakhstan's total population aged 15-64 is 11,799,469, significantly below the average of 26,003,407. Kazakhstan ranks 61st out of 194 countries in this metric.

Population ages 65 and above (% of total population): Kazakhstan's percentage of population aged 65 and above is 7.84%, below the average of 9.22%. Kazakhstan ranks 87th out of 194 countries in this category.

Population ages 65 and above, total: Kazakhstan's total population aged 65 and above is 1,471,205, below the average of 3,766,959. Kazakhstan ranks 59th out of 194 countries based on this statistic.

Summary

Kazakhstan has a total population below the global average, with a higher percentage of young people (0-14 years) compared to the average. However, the percentage of working-age population (15-64 years) is slightly below the average, indicating a potential demographic challenge in the future. This demographic composition is crucial as it can affect the country's labor force, healthcare system, education requirements, and overall economic development.

Population Miscellaneous

- Kazakhstan's rural population is 7,939,086, which is below the average of 18,044,041. Kazakhstan ranks 68th out of 190 countries in this attribute.

- The percentage of Kazakhstan's total population living in rural areas is 42.329%, slightly above the average of 41.158%. Kazakhstan ranks 91st out of 190 countries in this attribute.

- With an urban population of 10,816,580, Kazakhstan falls below the average urban population of 22,425,747. Kazakhstan ranks 59th out of 194 countries in this category.

- 57.671% of Kazakhstan's population lives in urban areas, slightly below the average of 59.691%. Kazakhstan ranks 104th out of 194 countries based on this metric.

- Kazakhstan's age dependency ratio is 58.95%, slightly below the average of 59.22%. This places Kazakhstan in the 69th position out of 194 countries in this aspect.

- The crude birth rate in Kazakhstan is 22.76 births per 1,000 people, higher than the average of 19.38. Kazakhstan ranks 62nd out of 192 countries in this regard.

- Kazakhstan's crude death rate is 8.6 per 1,000 people, slightly higher than the average of 8.21. Kazakhstan ranks 71st out of 192 countries in terms of the death rate.

- The total fertility rate in Kazakhstan is 3.13 births per woman, above the average of 2.60. Kazakhstan ranks 55th out of 190 countries regarding this statistic.

Summary

Kazakhstan has a lower rural population and urban population compared to global averages, ranking 68th and 59th respectively. However, it has a slightly higher percentage of total population living in rural areas and a lower percentage living in urban areas compared to the global average, ranking 91st and 104th respectively. The country also exhibits a higher crude birth rate, higher crude death rate, and a higher total fertility rate, ranking 62nd, 71st, and 55th respectively. These indicators are crucial as they give insights into the demographic composition, urbanization trends, and population growth dynamics of Kazakhstan, which are essential for policymakers and investors to understand the country's socio-economic landscape and plan development strategies accordingly.

Military

Analysis of Military Expenditure (current USD): Kazakhstan's military expenditure is $1,548,175,774.91, which is significantly below the average of $12,904,993,617.17. With a rank of 61 out of 149 countries, Kazakhstan's spending is notably lower compared to other countries in the dataset.

Analysis of Military Expenditure (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's military expenditure as a percentage of GDP is 0.91%, lower than the average of 1.90%. Ranked 119 out of 148 countries, Kazakhstan's allocation towards the military in relation to its GDP is below the dataset average.

Analysis of Arms imports (SIPRI trend indicator values): Kazakhstan's arms imports amount to $269,000,000, surpassing the average of $205,522,123.89. With a rank of 20 out of 113 countries, Kazakhstan's arms imports are comparatively higher than the dataset average.

Analysis of Armed forces personnel, total: Kazakhstan has 71,000 armed forces personnel, significantly lower than the average of 165,908.54. Ranked 61 out of 164 countries, Kazakhstan's total armed forces personnel is below the dataset average.

Analysis of Armed forces personnel (% of total labor force): Kazakhstan's armed forces personnel as a percentage of the total labor force is 0.77%, lower than the average of 1.28%. With a rank of 87 out of 164 countries, Kazakhstan's proportion of armed forces personnel in the labor force is below the dataset average.

Summary

Kazakhstan's military expenditure, arms imports, and armed forces personnel numbers are all below the dataset averages, indicating relatively lower levels of military investment compared to other countries. This could reflect Kazakhstan's priorities in allocating resources towards other sectors like infrastructure, healthcare, or education, potentially impacting its defense capabilities and geopolitical leverage in the region.

Natural Resources

- Forest area (sq. km): Kazakhstan has a forest area of 34,546.8 sq. km, below the average of 211,606.11 sq. km, ranking 83 out of 191 countries. - Land area (sq. km): With a land area of 2,699,700 sq. km, Kazakhstan exceeds the average of 665,166.51 sq. km, ranking 9 out of 194 countries. - Surface area (sq. km): Kazakhstan's surface area of 2,724,900 sq. km also surpasses the average of 689,779.56 sq. km, ranking 9 out of 194 countries. - Arable land (hectares): Kazakhstan possesses 29,553,200 hectares of arable land, higher than the average of 7,329,543.16 hectares, ranking 12 out of 190 countries. - Land under cereal production (hectares): The country has 15,649,544 hectares of land under cereal production, above the average of 4,206,011.63 hectares, ranking 10 out of 174 countries. - Average precipitation in depth (mm per year): Kazakhstan experiences an average precipitation depth of 250 mm per year, below the average of 1,157.83 mm per year, ranking 156 out of 178 countries. - Renewable internal freshwater resources, total (billion cubic meters): Kazakhstan's total renewable internal freshwater resources amount to 64.35 billion cubic meters, lower than the average of 240.41 billion cubic meters, ranking 68 out of 178 countries.

Summary

Kazakhstan stands out for its vast land area, abundant arable land, and significant land under cereal production, which positions it favorably in terms of agricultural potential. However, the country faces challenges such as a relatively low forest area, below-average precipitation levels, and limited internal freshwater resources. These factors are critical as they impact agricultural productivity, environmental sustainability, and water security in Kazakhstan, highlighting the need for strategic resource management and conservation efforts.

Resource Rents

Total natural resources rents (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value of 12.84% is significantly higher than the average of 4.63%. This places Kazakhstan at rank 23 out of 175 countries in the dataset.

Coal rents (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value of 0.57% is slightly above the average of 0.40%. Kazakhstan ranks 7 out of 65 countries in this category.

Forest rents (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value of 0.01% is much lower than the average of 1.53%, ranking Kazakhstan at 155 out of 174 countries.

Oil rents (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value of 7.13% is significantly higher than the average of 2.51%, placing Kazakhstan at rank 17 out of 117 countries.

Natural gas rents (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value of 0.44% is below the average of 1.25%. Kazakhstan ranks 32 out of 96 countries in this aspect.

Mineral rents (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value of 4.70% is substantially higher than the average of 1.23%. Kazakhstan is at rank 7 out of 86 countries in mineral rents.

Summary

Kazakhstan stands out in terms of natural resources rents, with relatively high values across various categories such as total natural resources rents, coal rents, oil rents, and mineral rents. These indicators suggest that Kazakhstan heavily relies on the extraction and exploitation of natural resources as a significant component of its GDP, positioning the country as a major player in the global natural resources market. However, the low value of forest rents relative to the average indicates potential underutilization or conservation of this specific resource, which may have implications for environmental sustainability and economic diversification in the long run.

Commodities

1. Cereal production in Kazakhstan is 20,152,658.33 metric tons, which exceeds the average production of 17,249,945.93 metric tons. Kazakhstan ranks 26th out of 174 countries in this category.

2. Aquaculture production in Kazakhstan is 6804.56 metric tons, significantly below the average production of 679,642.92 metric tons. Kazakhstan ranks 87th out of 180 countries for aquaculture production.

3. Kazakhstan's capture fisheries production is 42,597.38 metric tons, lower than the average of 467,453.06 metric tons. It ranks 102nd out of 190 countries in this aspect.

4. Total fisheries production in Kazakhstan is 49,401.94 metric tons, falling short of the average production of 1,153,914.85 metric tons. Kazakhstan is ranked 101st out of 182 countries for total fisheries production.

5. Fertilizer consumption in Kazakhstan is 5.57 kilograms per hectare of arable land, much lower than the average of 159.04 kilograms. Kazakhstan's rank is 169th out of 187 countries in fertilizer consumption.

Summary

Kazakhstan demonstrates a strong performance in cereal production, ranking 26th globally, but lags significantly in aquaculture, capture fisheries, and total fisheries production, ranking 87th, 102nd, and 101st respectively. Particularly concerning is Kazakhstan's low fertilizer consumption at 5.57 kilograms per hectare, placing it at 169th position. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Kazakhstan's agricultural sector's competitiveness, sustainability, and overall food security.

Intellectual Property

1. Patent applications by nonresidents in Kazakhstan are significantly below the attribute average of 6538.40, with a value of 97. Kazakhstan ranks 72 out of 129 countries in this dataset.

2. Patent applications by residents in Kazakhstan are notably lower than the attribute average of 19037.56, with a value of 803. Kazakhstan ranks 39 out of 117 countries in this dataset.

3. Trademark applications by nonresidents in Kazakhstan are slightly below the attribute average of 15878.93, with a value of 15330. Kazakhstan ranks 28 out of 130 countries in this dataset.

4. Trademark applications by residents in Kazakhstan are significantly lower than the attribute average of 111055.78, with a value of 10454. Kazakhstan ranks 48 out of 129 countries in this dataset.

5. The number of scientific and technical journal articles from Kazakhstan is well below the attribute average of 15103.76, with a value of 2970.6. Kazakhstan ranks 63 out of 192 countries in this dataset.

6. Charges for the use of intellectual property (payments) by Kazakhstan are significantly lower than the attribute average of 3218843494.39, with a value of 146488695. Kazakhstan ranks 64 out of 143 countries in this dataset.

7. Charges for the use of intellectual property (receipts) by Kazakhstan are extremely below the attribute average of 3191687117.58, with a value of 1398980. Kazakhstan ranks 84 out of 122 countries in this dataset.

8. Kazakhstan has a low number of researchers in R&D per million people, significantly below the attribute average of 2556.45, with a value of 686.18. Kazakhstan ranks 51 out of 72 countries in this dataset.

Summary

The analysis reveals that Kazakhstan's performance in key macroeconomic indicators related to intellectual property, research, and development is below the global average across various categories such as patent and trademark applications, scientific publications, and charges for intellectual property use. This indicates a lower level of innovation and investment in intellectual property compared to other countries, which could potentially hinder Kazakhstan's competitiveness and economic growth in the long term.

Broad Economy Attributes

- GDP (current US$): Kazakhstan's GDP is $171,082,365,861.42, below the average of $442,870,224,838.68, ranking 52 out of 189 countries.
- GDP, PPP (current international $): Kazakhstan's GDP, PPP is $502,316,125,765.08, below the average of $734,141,122,350.78, ranking 41 out of 181 countries.
- GDP per capita (current US$): Kazakhstan's GDP per capita is $9,121.64, below the average of $15,462.11, ranking 69 out of 190 countries.
- GDP per capita, PPP (current international $): Kazakhstan's GDP per capita, PPP is $26,782.10, above the average of $21,251.89, ranking 54 out of 181 countries.
- GNI (current US$): Kazakhstan's GNI is $156,009,669,230.59, below the average of $452,040,815,370.70, ranking 53 out of 185 countries.
- GNI, PPP (current international $): Kazakhstan's GNI, PPP is $458,061,076,226.16, below the average of $730,698,223,823.47, ranking 43 out of 181 countries.
- GNI per capita, PPP (current international $): Kazakhstan's GNI per capita, PPP is $24,420, above the average of $20,615.75, ranking 55 out of 181 countries.

Summary

Kazakhstan's GDP and GNI figures are below the global average, while its GDP per capita, PPP is above average. This indicates a relatively lower overall economic output compared to other countries, but with a higher standard of living for its citizens when factoring in purchasing power parity. These statistics are important as they provide insight into Kazakhstan's economic performance, wealth distribution, and competitiveness on the global stage.

Broad Value Added

- Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) in current US$: Kazakhstan's GVA of 161.83 billion US$ is below the average of 360.07 billion US$. It ranks 48th out of 176 countries in the dataset.

- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value added accounts for 5.39% of its GDP, below the average of 10.86%. It ranks 109th out of 182 countries.

- Agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added in current US$: Kazakhstan's value added is 9.22 billion US$, below the average of 19.92 billion US$. It ranks 49th out of 182 countries.

- Services value added (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value added in services is 56.10% of its GDP, slightly below the average of 56.72%. It ranks 94th out of 183 countries.

- Services value added in current US$: Kazakhstan's value added in services is 95.98 billion US$, well below the average of 295.84 billion US$. It ranks 52nd out of 183 countries.

- Industry (including construction) value added in current US$: Kazakhstan's industry value added is 56.62 billion US$, significantly below the average of 118.42 billion US$. It ranks 49th out of 183 countries.

Summary

Kazakhstan's Gross Value Added at basic prices (GVA), Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing value added, and Industry value added are all below the global averages, indicating a relatively lower level of economic output in these sectors. This suggests that Kazakhstan may have untapped potential for growth and development in diversifying its economy beyond its current heavy reliance on the services sector.

Manufacturing Value Added

For Manufacturing, value added (current US$), Kazakhstan's value is $22,364,797,331.71, ranking 51 out of 173 countries. This is significantly below the average of $76,207,179,589.66.

Manufacturing, value added (% of GDP) in Kazakhstan is 13.07%, above the average of 11.90%. Kazakhstan ranks 68 out of 173 countries in this attribute.

Kazakhstan's Medium and high-tech manufacturing value added (% manufacturing value added) is 16.91%, ranking 92 out of 149 countries. This is below the average of 24.49%.

Regarding Chemicals (% of value added in manufacturing), Kazakhstan's value is 7.31%, below the average of 11.56%. The country ranks 59 out of 89 countries.

For Food, beverages and tobacco (% of value added in manufacturing), Kazakhstan's value of 21.63% is below the average of 24.51%. Kazakhstan ranks 44 out of 92 countries.

Kazakhstan's Machinery and transport equipment (% of value added in manufacturing) is 8.02%, significantly lower than the average of 16.85%. The country ranks 65 out of 93 countries.

In Textiles and clothing (% of value added in manufacturing), Kazakhstan performs at 0.88%, well below the average of 6.33%. The country ranks 86 out of 93 countries in this attribute.

For Other manufacturing (% of value added in manufacturing), Kazakhstan excels with a value of 62.16%, ranking 8 out of 94 countries. This is notably above the average of 42.13%.

Summary

Kazakhstan's manufacturing sector shows strengths in Other manufacturing, where it excels with a value of 62.16%, ranking 8 out of 94 countries, notably above the average of 42.13%. However, the country lags behind in key areas such as Medium and high-tech manufacturing and Textiles and clothing. These statistics are important as they indicate Kazakhstan's specialization within the manufacturing sector and highlight areas that may require further development to enhance industrial competitiveness and technological advancement.

Money

Inflation, consumer prices (annual %): Kazakhstan's consumer price inflation is 6.77%, below the average of 8.26%. This ranks Kazakhstan 23rd out of 165 countries in the dataset.

Inflation, GDP deflator (annual %): With a GDP deflator inflation of 4.21%, Kazakhstan is below the average of 6.90%, placing it 59th out of 188 countries.

Broad money growth (annual %): Kazakhstan's broad money growth rate is 16.86%, slightly lower than the average of 18.03%. This ranks Kazakhstan 51st out of 139 countries.

Broad money (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's broad money as a percentage of GDP is 35.27%, significantly below the average of 71.75%. Kazakhstan ranks 111th out of 139 countries in this aspect.

Broad money to total reserves ratio: With a ratio of 1.69, Kazakhstan stands below the average of 5.17, placing it 102nd out of 126 countries.

Summary

Kazakhstan demonstrates a stable economic environment with moderate inflation rates below global averages, indicating a controlled price level for consumers and within the GDP deflator. The country's broad money growth is healthy, though slightly below the average, suggesting steady financial expansion. However, the low percentage of broad money to GDP and the ratio to total reserves indicate a conservative approach to monetary policy and lower financial liquidity compared to other nations.

These indicators are crucial as they reflect Kazakhstan's economic stability, growth potential, and financial risk management. Understanding these metrics can guide policymakers in making informed decisions to maintain economic stability, spur growth, and enhance financial resilience in the face of external shocks or global economic fluctuations.

Consumption Expenditure

Analysis of Macro Economic Statistics for Kazakhstan:

Summary

In analyzing key macroeconomic indicators for Kazakhstan, it is evident that the country has lower final consumption expenditure values compared to the global averages across various categories such as total, government, and households. Kazakhstan's rankings among countries are primarily below average, indicating areas for potential growth and development in terms of expenditure levels.

These statistics are important as they highlight Kazakhstan's current economic dynamics and potential areas for improvement. Lower levels of consumption expenditure relative to GDP and global averages could signify challenges in economic growth, domestic demand, and public sector investment, which policymakers may need to address to bolster the country's overall economic performance and competitiveness.

Equities

Regarding Listed domestic companies, total, Kazakhstan has 103 listed domestic companies, which is below the attribute average of 636.625. Kazakhstan ranks 41 out of 72 countries in this aspect.

In terms of Stocks traded, total value (current US$), Kazakhstan's value is $416,950,000, significantly below the attribute average of $1,379,501,820.91. This places Kazakhstan at a rank of 50 out of 71 countries.

The Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP) for Kazakhstan is 0.2437, much lower than the attribute average of 31.65. Kazakhstan is ranked 61 out of 71 countries in this metric.

Kazakhstan's Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$) stands at $38,222,450,000, which is well below the attribute average of $1,196,037,851,618.88. Kazakhstan ranks 41 out of 73 countries for this attribute.

Concerning Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP), Kazakhstan's value is 22.34%, lower than the attribute average of 71.24%. This places Kazakhstan at a rank of 49 out of 73 countries.

Lastly, Kazakhstan's S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change) is 7.18%, higher than the attribute average of 2.06%. Kazakhstan ranks 25 out of 79 countries for this indicator.

Summary

In summary, Kazakhstan performs below the attribute averages in various key macroeconomic indicators such as listed domestic companies, stocks traded, market capitalization, and S&P Global Equity Indices. These statistics indicate a relatively smaller and less active domestic market compared to the global average. This is important as it reflects the country's level of participation and integration in the global economic system, highlighting areas for potential growth and development in the financial sector.

Investment

- Kazakhstan's Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$) is -$5,875,441,739.20, significantly below the attribute average of -$1,615,235,980.51. Kazakhstan ranks 151 out of 169 countries in this dataset.
- In terms of Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), Kazakhstan stands at $7,205,989,084.29, surpassing the average of $5,749,271,080.15. The country ranks 29 out of 182 nations.
- Kazakhstan's Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) at 4.21% is higher than the average of 2.61%. The country ranks 48 out of 178 countries in this metric.
- The country's Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$) amount to $1,330,547,345.09, which is below the average of $5,707,991,116.07. Kazakhstan ranks 39 out of 156 nations.
- Kazakhstan's Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP) is 0.78%, lower than the average of 1.00%. The country ranks 39 out of 155 countries based on this criterion.
- For Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$), Kazakhstan's -$7,743,909,733.39 figure is notably beneath the average of $679,559,169.57. The country ranks 149 out of 159 nations.
- Kazakhstan's Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$) amount to $1,094,494,000, significantly below the average of $4,134,263,915.25. The country ranks 20 out of 59 countries for this metric.
- In terms of Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$), Kazakhstan's $899,882,885.48 is much lower than the average of $9,197,145,994.70. The country ranks 20 out of 125 nations.

Summary

Kazakhstan's performance in foreign direct investment metrics varies, with net inflows exceeding the average but net outflows falling below. The country's portfolio investment figures are notably lower than the averages. These indicators are crucial as they reflect the level of international financial interest in Kazakhstan's economy, influencing its growth, development, and integration into the global market.

Debt

Total debt service (% of GNI): Kazakhstan's value is 19.60%, which is well above the average of 5.98%. It ranks 6th out of 120 countries.

Public and publicly guaranteed debt service (% of GNI): Kazakhstan's value is 1.34%, below the average of 2.84%. It ranks 85th out of 120 countries.

External debt stocks (% of GNI): Kazakhstan's value is 103.49%, significantly higher than the average of 65.42%. It ranks 18th out of 120 countries.

Debt service on external debt, total (TDS, current US$): Kazakhstan's value is $30,585,113,521, much higher than the average of $9,811,195,839.23. It ranks 8th out of 123 countries.

Debt service on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (TDS, current US$): Kazakhstan's value is $2,087,084,187.70, below the average of $3,310,612,057.60. It ranks 31st out of 123 countries.

External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$): Kazakhstan's value is $25,717,610,348.20, below the average of $28,695,879,144.98. It ranks 32nd out of 123 countries.

External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$): Kazakhstan's value is $125,241,837,000, significantly above the average of $33,734,699,285.22. It ranks 7th out of 91 countries.

External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$): Kazakhstan's value is $161,455,362,367.60, well above the average of $73,845,530,111.82. It ranks 12th out of 123 countries.

Summary

Kazakhstan has relatively high values in total debt service, external debt stocks, and debt service on external debt compared to the global averages. This indicates that Kazakhstan relies significantly on external borrowing and faces higher debt repayment obligations. The country's rankings among 120-123 countries reflect its standing in terms of debt management and financial stability within the global economy, highlighting the importance of monitoring its debt levels to ensure sustainability and mitigate risks of financial crises or default.

Broad Trade Attributes

Trade (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's trade as a percentage of GDP is 57.03%, which is below the average of 82.34%. Kazakhstan ranks 108th out of 163 countries in this attribute.

Merchandise trade (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's merchandise trade as a percentage of GDP is 48.91%, lower than the average of 60.01%. The country ranks 101st out of 186 countries for this statistic.

Trade in services (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's trade in services as a percentage of GDP is 7.98%, significantly below the average of 24.63%. Kazakhstan is ranked 136th out of 171 countries in this aspect.

External balance on goods and services (current US$): Kazakhstan's external balance on goods and services stands at $6,896,528,080.09, which is higher than the average of $3,405,509,011.13. The country ranks 32nd out of 163 countries for this metric.

External balance on goods and services (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's external balance on goods and services as a percentage of GDP is 4.03%, above the average of -5.97%. Kazakhstan is ranked 32nd out of 163 countries in this category.

Summary

Kazakhstan's trade, both in merchandise and services, as a percentage of GDP, falls below global averages, ranking 108th and 101st, respectively. However, the country's external balance on goods and services, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of GDP, surpasses the global average, ranking 32nd in both metrics. These findings highlight Kazakhstan's reliance on traditional goods trade rather than services and its strong external balance position, which could indicate economic stability and competitiveness in the global market.

Net Trade

1. Current account balance (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's current account balance is -10960363736.0815, which is significantly below the average of 1443864831.4940138. This places Kazakhstan at rank 156 out of 170 countries in the dataset.

2. Current account balance (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's current account balance as a percentage of GDP is -6.4064836144243, lower than the average of -2.3613128705499826. Kazakhstan ranks 128 out of 170 countries for this indicator.

3. Net trade in goods and services (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's net trade in goods and services is 2771607555.29574, slightly above the average of 2604730003.5650773. The country ranks 38 out of 171 in this metric.

4. Net primary income (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's net primary income is -15077675138.4877, well below the average of -903807529.7376518. With this figure, Kazakhstan ranks 155 out of 170 in the dataset.

5. Net secondary income (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's net secondary income is 1345703847.11042, significantly higher than the average of -269227340.40242267. This places Kazakhstan at rank 52 out of 170 countries.

6. Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's net trade in goods is 6008985046.23818, substantially higher than the average of 1302831005.6800897. Kazakhstan ranks 32 out of 171 countries for this indicator.

7. Net capital account (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's net capital account is 239179634.509, above the average of 136543824.04518417. In this metric, Kazakhstan ranks 41 out of 159 countries.

8. Net financial account (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's net financial account stands at -15735108534.5711, much below the average of -469840994.6309935. For this indicator, Kazakhstan ranks 159 out of 170 countries in the dataset.

Summary

Kazakhstan's macroeconomic indicators reveal a mixed performance. While the country struggles with a negative current account balance and net primary income, it excels in net secondary income and net trade in goods. These indicators are crucial as they demonstrate Kazakhstan's economic standing in the global market, its trade competitiveness, and its ability to attract foreign investment.

Broad Export Attributes

The Exports of goods, services, and primary income for Kazakhstan amount to $51,337,158,631.27, which is below the average for this attribute of $146,238,908,936.30. Kazakhstan is ranked 50th out of 170 countries in this category.

Kazakhstan's Exports of goods and services reach $49,273,351,002.69, falling below the average of $122,938,540,059.78. This places Kazakhstan at the 49th position out of 170 countries in this dataset.

For Exports of goods and services in current US dollars, Kazakhstan's value is $52,229,576,023.30, below the average of $129,596,864,610.19. Kazakhstan holds the 48th rank out of 163 countries in this aspect.

Kazakhstan's Exports of goods and services as a percentage of GDP stand at 30.53%, which is below the average of 38.19%. The country is ranked 81st out of 163 nations in this regard.

The Goods exports for Kazakhstan total $44,065,071,707.98, lower than the average of $93,310,581,697.39 for this attribute. Kazakhstan ranks 46th out of 171 countries in Goods exports.

International tourism receipts as a percentage of total exports for Kazakhstan are 1.20%, which is below the average of 9.74%. Kazakhstan is ranked 105th out of 120 countries in this category.

Kazakhstan's ICT goods exports as a percentage of total goods exports are at 0.11%, significantly lower than the average of 3.81%. This places Kazakhstan at the 105th rank out of 142 countries.

Summary

Kazakhstan's export performance across various categories such as goods, services, and primary income falls below global averages, with rankings ranging from 46th to 105th out of a pool of countries. Particularly noteworthy is the country's low international tourism receipts as a percentage of total exports and ICT goods exports, indicative of potential areas for diversification and growth in the economy.

These findings are crucial as they highlight areas where Kazakhstan lags behind its peers in terms of export competitiveness and revenue generation. Addressing these gaps could enhance the country's economic resilience, foster greater international trade relations, and drive overall economic development and prosperity.

Merchandise Exports

Merchandise exports in Kazakhstan amount to $46.44 billion, ranking 48th out of 187 countries. This value is significantly below the average of $89.54 billion.

Agricultural raw materials exports account for only 0.22% of Kazakhstan's merchandise exports, ranking 126th out of 151 countries. This percentage is notably lower than the average of 2.97%.

Food exports make up 6.97% of Kazakhstan's merchandise exports, placing the country at 118th out of 152 countries. This percentage is substantially lower than the average of 24.06%.

Fuel exports constitute 57.63% of Kazakhstan's merchandise exports, ranking 11th out of 147 countries. This value is significantly higher than the average of 13.70%.

Ores and metals exports represent 19.15% of Kazakhstan's merchandise exports, ranking 22nd out of 152 countries. This percentage is notably higher than the average of 9.10%.

Summary

Kazakhstan's economy heavily relies on fuel exports, constituting a significant 57.63% of merchandise exports, much higher than the global average of 13.70%. However, the country's agricultural and food exports are comparatively low, indicating potential areas for diversification to reduce dependence on fuel exports and enhance overall economic resilience.

Technology Exports

- Manufactures exports (% of merchandise exports): Kazakhstan's value of 16.01% is below the average of 42.62%. It ranks 110th out of 152 countries in this attribute data.
- High-technology exports (current US$): Kazakhstan's export value of $2,538,725,805 is below the average of $16,655,934,078.80. It ranks 41st out of 151 countries in this data.
- High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports): Kazakhstan's value of 33.37% is above the average of 10.15%. It ranks 8th out of 150 countries in this attribute data.
- Medium and high-tech exports (% manufactured exports): Kazakhstan's value of 38.69% is above the average of 34.29%. It ranks 61st out of 149 countries in this dataset.

Summary

Kazakhstan's performance in key macroeconomic indicators reveals mixed results. The country excels in high-technology exports, ranking 41st globally. However, its manufacturing sector lags behind, with manufactures exports at only 16.01%. Despite this, Kazakhstan shows promise in high-tech exports, ranking 8th globally in this area. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Kazakhstan's level of industrial development and technological advancement, highlighting areas for potential growth and competitive advantage in the global market.

Service Exports

For Service exports (BoP, current US$), Kazakhstan's value is $5,208,279,294.71, which is below the average of $28,917,292,503.82. Kazakhstan ranks 69th out of 171 countries in this attribute.

ICT service exports (BoP, current US$) stand at $144,951,860.39 for Kazakhstan, well below the average of $4,578,501,153.77. Kazakhstan is ranked 86th out of 166 countries in this category.

Kazakhstan's ICT service exports (% of service exports, BoP) at 2.78% are significantly lower than the average of 11.75%. The country ranks 136th out of 166 countries in this metric.

In Communications, computer, etc. (% of service exports, BoP), Kazakhstan performs below average at 18.82%, compared to the average of 45.85%. This places Kazakhstan at 144th out of 169 countries.

Transport services (% of service exports, BoP) is a strong suit for Kazakhstan, with a value of 64.49%, well above the average of 21.80%. Kazakhstan stands at the 5th position out of 169 countries for this attribute.

Kazakhstan's Travel services (% of service exports, BoP) at 11.77% is lower than the average of 26.40%. The country ranks 115th out of 167 countries in this regard.

The Insurance and financial services (% of service exports, BoP) for Kazakhstan at 4.91% fall slightly below the average of 6.46%. Kazakhstan holds the 64th position out of 161 countries for this statistic.

Summary

Kazakhstan demonstrates a mixed performance in various key macroeconomic indicators related to service exports. While excelling in transport services exports, the country significantly lags in ICT service exports and communication-related exports. These indicators are vital as they reflect Kazakhstan's strengths and weaknesses in leveraging its service sector for economic growth and global competitiveness.

Commercial Service Exports

For Commercial Service Exports (current US$), Kazakhstan's value is $5,013,199,904.71, which is below the average of $28,508,218,402.80. Kazakhstan ranks 67th out of 171 countries in this attribute.

Travel Services (% of Commercial Service Exports) in Kazakhstan account for 12.23%, less than the average of 27.89%. Kazakhstan ranks 115th out of 167 countries for this metric.

Kazakhstan's Computer, Communications, and Other Services (% of Commercial Service Exports) make up 15.67%, falling below the average of 42.44%. The country is ranked 142nd out of 169 in this category.

Insurance and Financial Services (% of Commercial Service Exports) in Kazakhstan represent 5.10% of total exports, lower than the average of 6.97%. The country is ranked 66th out of 161 nations for this parameter.

Transport Services (% of Commercial Service Exports) make up 67% of Kazakhstan's exports, significantly surpassing the average of 23.37%. Kazakhstan ranks 5th out of 169 countries in this aspect.

Summary

Kazakhstan's Commercial Service Exports value is significantly below the average, ranking 67th globally. The country's heavy reliance on Transport Services, comprising 67% of exports and ranking 5th worldwide, indicates a potential vulnerability in diversification and resilience to external shocks. Kazakhstan's low contributions from Travel Services, Computer, Communications, and Other Services, as well as Insurance and Financial Services, underscore the need for broader service sector development to enhance export competitiveness and sustainability.

Broad Import Attributes

Imports of goods and services (current US$): Kazakhstan's value of $45,332,610,743.21 is below the average of $126,191,355,599.06. It ranks 56th out of 163 countries.

Imports of goods and services (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value of 26.50% is below the average of 44.15%. It ranks 123rd out of 163 countries.

International tourism, expenditures (% of total imports): Kazakhstan's value of 1.85% is below the average of 3.98%. It ranks 101st out of 131 countries.

ICT goods imports (% total goods imports): Kazakhstan's value of 6.26% is below the average of 6.85%. It ranks 52nd out of 143 countries.

Goods imports (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's value of $38,056,086,661.74 is below the average of $92,007,788,027.17. It ranks 52nd out of 171 countries.

Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's value of $46,501,743,447.39 is below the average of $120,321,577,988.12. It ranks 54th out of 170 countries.

Imports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's value of $63,643,226,214.46 is below the average of $144,514,287,722.28. It ranks 49th out of 170 countries.

Summary

Kazakhstan's import values across various indicators are consistently below the global averages, ranking in the lower half among countries. This could indicate potential challenges in terms of diversification, competitiveness, and economic resilience. Addressing these low import figures may be crucial for Kazakhstan to enhance its economic growth, attract investments, and strengthen its position in the global market.

Merchandise Imports

Merchandise imports in Kazakhstan amount to $37.22 billion, ranking 54th out of 190 countries. This value is significantly below the average of $89.39 billion.

Manufactures imports account for 81.9% of Kazakhstan's merchandise imports, ranking 4th out of 152 countries. This percentage is above the average of 66.76%.

Kazakhstan's agricultural raw materials imports as a percentage of merchandise imports stand at 0.45%, placing it 137th out of 152 countries, well below the average of 1.27%.

Food imports represent 10.27% of Kazakhstan's merchandise imports, ranking 120th out of 152 countries, below the average of 15.89%.

Fuel imports constitute 3.68% of Kazakhstan's merchandise imports, placing it 141st out of 152 countries. This figure is notably lower than the average of 11.38%.

Ores and metals imports make up 2.54% of Kazakhstan's merchandise imports, aligning with the average of 2.57% and ranking 54th out of 152 countries.

The residual merchandise imports by Kazakhstan as a percentage of total merchandise imports are at 0.13%, placing the country 125th out of 180 countries. This value is significantly below the average of 2.51%.

Summary

Kazakhstan has a lower-than-average total merchandise import value, with a notable focus on manufactured goods. The country's dependency on agricultural raw materials, food, and fuel imports is relatively low compared to the global average, while its ore and metal imports align closely with the worldwide average. These indicators are crucial as they highlight Kazakhstan's trade composition, showcasing its strengths in manufactured goods and potential vulnerabilities in specific import categories.

Service Imports

Service imports in Kazakhstan amount to $8,445,656,785.65, which is below the average of $27,615,356,170.47. Kazakhstan ranks 58th out of 171 countries in this attribute.

Communications, computer, etc. represent 60.02% of Kazakhstan's service imports, surpassing the average of 44.40%. Kazakhstan ranks 34th out of 169 countries for this.

Transport services account for 25.77% of Kazakhstan's service imports, lower than the average of 32.90%. Kazakhstan holds the 100th rank out of 169 countries.

Travel services make up 11.16% of Kazakhstan's service imports, falling short of the average of 14.14%. Kazakhstan is ranked 83rd out of 169 countries.

Insurance and financial services constitute 3.04% of Kazakhstan's service imports, well below the average of 8.53%. Kazakhstan ranks 138th out of 169 countries in this category.

Summary

Kazakhstan's service imports are below the global average, with a notable emphasis on communications, computer, etc. while lagging in insurance and financial services. This suggests a reliance on technological services over traditional financial services, which may reflect an inclination towards modernization and digitalization in the economy.

Commercial Service Imports

Analysis of key commercial service imports attributes for Kazakhstan:

Summary

In analyzing Kazakhstan's key commercial service imports, it is evident that the country has a total value of $8,318,074,385.65, ranking 58th out of 171 countries, which is below the global average of $27,102,746,128.60. The composition of these imports shows a significant reliance on computer, communications, and other services at 59.41%, exceeding the average, while insurance and financial services constitute a lower percentage compared to the average.

These findings are crucial as they reflect Kazakhstan's economic focus and areas of specialization in terms of services. A high proportion of computer and communication services may indicate a tech-savvy economy, while a lower share of insurance and financial services could signify potential areas for growth and development in the financial sector. Understanding these import dynamics can help policymakers formulate strategies to enhance competitiveness and diversify the service sector.

Infrastructure

- Railways, passengers carried (million passenger-km): Kazakhstan's value of 8649.3 million passenger-km is below the average of 32281.92 million passenger-km, ranking 16th out of 64 countries.
- Railways, goods transported (million ton-km): Kazakhstan's value of 302156.1 million ton-km is above the average of 119231.19 million ton-km, ranking 6th out of 62 countries.
- Air transport, freight (million ton-km): Kazakhstan's value of 23.54 million ton-km is below the average of 1384.37 million ton-km, ranking 65th out of 126 countries.
- Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide: Kazakhstan's value of 55358 departures is below the average, 134365.61 departures, ranking 42nd out of 149 countries.
- Air transport, passengers carried: Kazakhstan's value of 5282205 passengers carried is below the average of 11848242.70 passengers, ranking 40th out of 149 countries.
- Rail lines (total route-km): Kazakhstan's total route-km of 16063 is above the average of 12204.74 total route-km, ranking 13th out of 66 countries.

Summary

Kazakhstan demonstrates strong performance in the transportation of goods by railways, ranking 6th out of 62 countries in goods transported. However, the country lags behind in air transport indicators such as freight and passenger volumes, ranking 65th and 40th respectively. These findings are crucial as they highlight Kazakhstan's reliance on rail transport for freight movement and its potential for growth in air transportation to enhance connectivity with global markets and boost economic development.

Information Technology Infrastructure

Analysis of Key Stats for Selected Attributes in Kazakhstan:

1. Secure Internet servers: Kazakhstan has 62,033 secure internet servers, which is below the average of 458,294. Kazakhstan is ranked 51 out of 193 countries in this aspect.

2. Secure Internet servers (per 1 million people): With 3,307 secure internet servers per 1 million people, Kazakhstan falls below the average of 14,067. Kazakhstan is ranked 61 out of 193 countries.

3. Individuals using the Internet (% of population): In Kazakhstan, 85.94% of the population uses the internet, surpassing the average of 64.77%. Kazakhstan is ranked 43 out of 180 countries.

4. Fixed broadband subscriptions: Kazakhstan has 2,620,400 fixed broadband subscriptions, below the average of 6,591,956. Kazakhstan is ranked 46 out of 185 countries.

5. Mobile cellular subscriptions: With 24,293,900 mobile cellular subscriptions, Kazakhstan is below the average of 42,526,464. Kazakhstan is ranked 51 out of 193 countries in this category.

Summary

In analyzing key stats related to internet and communication technology in Kazakhstan, it is evident that the country falls below global averages in terms of secure internet servers, fixed broadband subscriptions, and mobile cellular subscriptions. Despite this, Kazakhstan has a relatively high percentage of its population using the internet compared to the global average. These statistics are crucial as they highlight areas where Kazakhstan may need to focus its efforts to improve its digital infrastructure and connectivity, which are vital for economic development and global competitiveness in the digital age.

Energy Consumption

1. Kazakhstan's renewable energy consumption as a percentage of total final energy consumption stands at 1.78%, significantly below the average of 32.18%. This places Kazakhstan at rank 169 out of 191 countries included in the data.

2. In terms of CO2 emissions, Kazakhstan produces 211,896.7 kt, which is 40,000.76 kt above the average of 171,895.94 kt. This places Kazakhstan at rank 24 out of 188 countries included in the data.

Summary

Kazakhstan's low renewable energy consumption and high CO2 emissions indicate a heavy reliance on traditional energy sources, contributing significantly to environmental degradation. This poses challenges for Kazakhstan in meeting global sustainability goals and transitioning to a greener and more efficient energy sector, which is crucial for combating climate change and ensuring long-term economic and environmental stability.

Government Balance Sheet

1. Net acquisition of financial assets (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value is -3.33% of GDP, lower than the average of 2.45%. This places Kazakhstan at rank 82 out of 87 countries.

2. Central government debt, total (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value is 23.72% of GDP, below the average of 74.12%. This ranks Kazakhstan at 55 out of 61 countries.

3. Net incurrence of liabilities, total (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value is 3.34% of GDP, below the average of 7.43%. Kazakhstan ranks 74 out of 92 countries for this attribute.

4. Total reserves (% of total external debt): Kazakhstan's value is 22.07% of total external debt, lower than the average of 66.13%. Kazakhstan is ranked 73 out of 102 countries included in the data.

5. Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$): Kazakhstan's value is -3,192,579,163.93 USD, below the average of 1,924,407,186.58 USD. Kazakhstan ranks 154 out of 171 countries.

6. Total reserves minus gold (current US$): Kazakhstan's value is 12,056,059,795.59 USD, below the average of 74,221,588,171.61 USD. This places Kazakhstan at rank 64 out of 161 countries.

7. Total reserves (includes gold, current US$): Kazakhstan's value is 35,638,096,635.12 USD, lower than the average of 85,708,019,773.47 USD. Kazakhstan ranks 51 out of 161 countries for this attribute.

8. Total reserves in months of imports: Kazakhstan's value is 6.72 months, slightly below the average of 7.10 months. Kazakhstan is ranked 61 out of 151 countries in this aspect.

Summary

Kazakhstan shows mixed performance in key macroeconomic indicators compared to global averages. They have relatively low levels of financial assets acquisition, government debt, and reserves compared to other countries. This could indicate a need for Kazakhstan to focus on increasing financial assets, managing government debt more effectively, and potentially building up reserves to enhance economic stability and resilience.

Government Revenue

Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's value of 11.84% is below the average of 27.02%. It ranks 111 out of 122 countries.

Grants and other revenue (% of revenue): Kazakhstan's value of 21.41% is below the average of 23.54%. It ranks 39 out of 108 countries.

Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue): Kazakhstan's value of 35.93% is above the average of 31.82%. It ranks 47 out of 122 countries.

Taxes on international trade (% of revenue): Kazakhstan's value of 14.69% is above the average of 6.24%. It ranks 12 out of 101 countries.

Other taxes (% of revenue): Kazakhstan's value of 0.03% is below the average of 2.12%. It ranks 97 out of 106 countries.

Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue): Kazakhstan's value of 27.93% is above the average of 24.66%. It ranks 46 out of 119 countries.

Summary

Kazakhstan's revenue composition shows a lower reliance on grants and other sources compared to its peers, with higher proportions coming from taxes on goods and services, international trade, and income. This indicates a relatively stable domestic revenue base, albeit with room for diversification to reduce dependency on specific tax categories. Understanding these indicators can help policymakers make informed decisions on fiscal management, revenue generation, and economic resilience.

Taxes

- Tax revenue (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is 8.32%, below the average of 16.72%. The country ranks 112 out of 123 countries in this statistic.
- Taxes on exports (% of tax revenue): Kazakhstan's tax revenue from exports is 12.84%, significantly higher than the average of 2.54%. The country ranks 3 out of 36 countries.
- Customs and other import duties (% of tax revenue): Kazakhstan's reliance on customs and import duties is 5.85%, lower than the average of 9.01%. The country ranks 47 out of 99 countries.
- Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes): In Kazakhstan, taxes on income, profits, and capital gains constitute 35.54% of total taxes, slightly below the average of 38.40%. The country ranks 68 out of 120 countries.
- Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%): Kazakhstan's applied tariff rate is 1.96%, well below the average of 5.21%. The country ranks 99 out of 153 countries in this regard.

Summary

Kazakhstan has a relatively low tax revenue as a percentage of GDP compared to the global average, ranking 112 out of 123 countries. However, the country relies more heavily on taxes from exports, where it excels and ranks 3 out of 36 countries. Kazakhstan also has a lower dependence on customs and import duties compared to the global average, ranking 47 out of 99 countries. These indicators are crucial for evaluating Kazakhstan's fiscal policy effectiveness, international trade competitiveness, and revenue sources diversification.

Government Expenses

1. Expense (% of GDP): Kazakhstan's expense as a percentage of GDP is 16.83%, below the average of 31.69%. This places Kazakhstan at the 107th rank out of 123 countries.

2. Compensation of employees (% of expense): Kazakhstan spends 6.35% of its expense on employee compensation, which is below the average of 24.70%. This ranks Kazakhstan at 118th out of 123 countries.

3. Goods and services expense (% of expense): With 18.35% of expenses going towards goods and services, Kazakhstan is above the average of 14.77%. This places Kazakhstan at the 34th rank out of 122 countries.

4. Interest payments (% of expense): Kazakhstan allocates 6.41% of its expenses to interest payments, slightly below the average of 6.85%. This ranks Kazakhstan 52nd out of 121 countries.

5. Other expense (% of expense): Kazakhstan's allocation of 1.33% on other expenses is below the average of 8.29%. This puts Kazakhstan at the 108th rank out of 120 countries.

6. Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense): Kazakhstan's significant 67.56% expenditure on subsidies and transfers is notably higher than the average of 43.29%. Kazakhstan ranks 18th out of 121 countries in this aspect.

Summary

Kazakhstan's macroeconomic indicators reveal a prudent fiscal approach with below-average expenses as a percentage of GDP, particularly in areas like employee compensation and interest payments. The country's higher allocation towards goods and services, subsidies, and transfers showcases a strategic focus on economic development and support mechanisms. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Kazakhstan's budget priorities, efficiency in resource allocation, and potential avenues for further economic enhancement.

Top Stats

Ranks in Top Decile For:

Attribute Rank/Total
Land area (sq. km) 9/194
Surface area (sq. km) 9/194
Arable land (hectares) 12/190
Land under cereal production (hectares) 10/174
Mineral rents (% of GDP) 7/86
Other manufacturing (% of value added in manufacturing) 8/94
Total debt service (% of GNI) 6/120
Debt service on external debt, total (TDS, current US$) 8/123
External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$) 7/91
External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) 12/123
Fuel exports (% of merchandise exports) 11/147
High-technology exports (% of manufactured exports) 8/150
Transport services (% of service exports, BoP) 5/169
Transport services (% of commercial service exports) 5/169
Manufactures imports (% of merchandise imports) 4/152
Railways, goods transported (million ton-km) 6/62
Taxes on exports (% of tax revenue) 3/36

Ranks in Bottom Decile For:

Attribute Rank/Total
Fertilizer consumption (kilograms per hectare of arable land) 169/187
Textiles and clothing (% of value added in manufacturing) 86/93
Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$) 149/159
Current account balance (BoP, current US$) 156/170
Net primary income (BoP, current US$) 155/170
Net financial account (BoP, current US$) 159/170
Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports) 137/152
Fuel imports (% of merchandise imports) 141/152
Net acquisition of financial assets (% of GDP) 82/87
Central government debt, total (% of GDP) 55/61
Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$) 154/171
Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) 111/122
Other taxes (% of revenue) 97/106
Tax revenue (% of GDP) 112/123
Compensation of employees (% of expense) 118/123