Indonesia
Description of Indonesia
Indonesia, the largest archipelago in the world, stands as a pivotal nation in Southeast Asia, renowned for its rich cultural heritage, diverse landscapes, and economic vibrancy. With a rapidly growing population of over 270 million people, Indonesia's strategic geographical location at the crossroads of the Pacific and Indian Oceans has positioned it as a key player in regional geopolitics and trade. As a dynamic emerging economy, Indonesia has navigated through various challenges to become a prominent member of the G20 group of major economies. This website delves into the intricate web of macroeconomic dynamics, geopolitical considerations, and societal factors that shape Indonesia's trajectory towards becoming a global leader in the 21st century.
Population And Age Structure
- Indonesia has a total population of 271,857,970, ranking 4th out of 194 countries. This is significantly
higher than the average total population of 40,097,746.59.
- The percentage of the population ages 0-14 in Indonesia is 25.72%, ranking 100th out of 194 countries.
This is slightly below the average of 27.34%.
- The total population ages 0-14 in Indonesia is 69,918,977, ranking 5th out of 194 countries. This is
much higher than the average of 10,327,379.98.
- Indonesia's population ages 15-64 accounts for 67.57% of the total population, ranking 44th out of 194
countries. This is above the average of 63.44%.
- The total population ages 15-64 in Indonesia is 183,698,630, ranking 4th out of 194 countries. This is
significantly higher than the average of 26,003,407.49.
- The percentage of the population ages 65 and above in Indonesia is 6.71%, ranking 96th out of 194
countries, which is slightly below the average of 9.22%.
- The total population ages 65 and above in Indonesia is 18,240,362, ranking 8th out of 194 countries.
This is considerably higher than the average of 3,766,959.08.
Summary
Indonesia stands out for its large total population, with a significant percentage of the population falling within the working-age group of 15-64 years. This demographic composition indicates a potential demographic dividend for the country, where a larger workforce can drive economic growth if properly leveraged through skills development and employment opportunities. However, the relatively low percentage of children (ages 0-14) may pose challenges for future social security and healthcare systems as the elderly population grows in comparison.
Population Miscellaneous
Indonesia has a rural population of 117,874,897, ranking 4th out of 190 countries. This is notably higher than the average rural population of 18,044,041.29. The country has a rural population (% of total population) of 43.36%, which is slightly above the average of 41.16%. Indonesia's urban population of 153,983,073 is ranked 5th out of 194 countries, significantly surpassing the average urban population of 22,425,747.38. The urban population (% of total population) in Indonesia is 56.64%, lower than the average of 59.69% and ranked 111th. Indonesia has an age dependency ratio (% of working-age population) of 47.99%, lower than the average of 59.22%, ranking 151st out of 194 countries. The country's crude birth rate of 16.65 per 1,000 people is below the average of 19.38, ranking 97th out of 192 countries. Indonesia's crude death rate of 8.96 per 1,000 people is slightly above the average of 8.21, placing it in the 63rd rank. The fertility rate in Indonesia is 2.194 births per woman, lower than the average of 2.60, and the country is ranked 93rd out of 190 countries.
Summary
Indonesia stands out for its significant rural population, which is above the global average, and a relatively lower urban population compared to other countries. The country also exhibits a lower age dependency ratio, indicating a higher proportion of working-age population. These demographic indicators are crucial as they shape the country's economic structure, workforce dynamics, and social welfare policies.
Military
- Indonesia's military expenditure in current USD is $9.39 billion, which is below the average expenditure
of $12.90 billion. Indonesia ranks 24th out of 149 countries in this category.
- Indonesia's military expenditure as a percentage of GDP is 0.89%, which is below the average of 1.90%.
Indonesia ranks 120th out of 148 countries.
- Indonesia's arms imports stand at $276 million, higher than the average of $205.52 million. Indonesia
ranks 19th out of 113 countries.
- Indonesia has a total of 676,000 armed forces personnel, significantly higher than the average of
165,909 personnel. Indonesia ranks 9th out of 164 countries.
- The percentage of armed forces personnel in Indonesia's total labor force is 0.50%, below the average of
1.28%. Indonesia ranks 113th out of 164 countries.
Summary
Indonesia's military expenditure is below the global average, yet it ranks relatively high in terms of armed forces personnel. This indicates that Indonesia prioritizes manpower over monetary investment in its defense. This strategic allocation of resources highlights Indonesia's emphasis on human capital and potentially reflects a focus on internal security and sovereignty rather than external military prowess.
Natural Resources
Indonesia's forest area covers 921,332 sq. km, ranking 8th out of 191 countries. This is significantly above the average forest area of 211,606.115 sq. km.
The land area of Indonesia is 1,877,519 sq. km, placing it 14th out of 194 countries. This exceeds the average land area of 665,166.512 sq. km.
Indonesia's surface area is 1,916,906.77 sq. km, ranking 14th out of 194 countries. This figure is notably higher than the average surface area of 689,779.561 sq. km.
The arable land in Indonesia spans 26,300,000 hectares, placing it 13th out of 190 countries. This is significantly above the average arable land of 7,329,543.164 hectares.
Land under cereal production in Indonesia is 13,637,005 hectares, ranking 13th out of 174 countries. This is notably higher than the average of 4,206,011.632 hectares.
Indonesia receives an average precipitation depth of 2,702 mm per year, ranking 9th out of 178 countries. This is considerably higher than the average of 1,157.832 mm per year.
Indonesia's renewable internal freshwater resources total 2,018.7 billion cubic meters, placing it 7th out of 178 countries. This significantly exceeds the average of 240.411 billion cubic meters.
Summary
Indonesia boasts a vast expanse of forest area, land area, surface area, arable land, land under cereal production, high precipitation depth, and abundant renewable internal freshwater resources. These favorable natural resources rankings indicate Indonesia's potential for agricultural productivity, water security, and environmental sustainability. Leveraging these resources efficiently can drive economic growth, food security, and environmental conservation efforts within the country.
Resource Rents
Total natural resources rents (% of GDP): Indonesia's value is 2.44%, which is below the average of 4.63%. It ranks 77th out of 175 countries in this attribute.
Coal rents (% of GDP): Indonesia's value is 0.67%, above the average of 0.40%. It ranks 6th out of 65 countries in this attribute.
Forest rents (% of GDP): Indonesia's value is 0.46%, below the average of 1.53%. It ranks 73rd out of 174 countries in this attribute.
Oil rents (% of GDP): Indonesia's value is 0.29%, well below the average of 2.51%. It ranks 49th out of 117 countries in this attribute.
Natural gas rents (% of GDP): Indonesia's value is 0.55%, below the average of 1.25%. It ranks 29th out of 96 countries in this attribute.
Mineral rents (% of GDP): Indonesia's value is 0.47%, below the average of 1.23%. It ranks 34th out of 86 countries in this attribute.
Summary
Indonesia's key macroeconomic indicators in terms of natural resources rents (% of GDP) show that the country has varying levels of performance compared to global averages and rankings. While Indonesia performs below average in natural resources such as forests, oil, natural gas, and minerals, it surpasses the average in coal rents. This mix of performance indicates Indonesia's reliance on coal resources for economic output, which may impact its environmental sustainability, economic diversification, and global competitiveness in the long term.
Commodities
Indonesia's cereal production is 54,325,256 metric tons above the average of 17,249,945.93 metric tons, ranking 7th out of 174 countries in the data set. Aquaculture production in Indonesia is significantly higher than the average, with a difference of 14,165,371.49 metric tons. Indonesia ranks 2nd out of 180 countries in this category. The country's capture fisheries production is also well above average by 6,473,589.26 metric tons, ranking 2nd out of 190 countries. Indonesia's total fisheries production is notably higher than the average by 20,632,141.88 metric tons, ranking 2nd out of 182 countries. In terms of fertilizer consumption, Indonesia's 248.20 kilograms per hectare of arable land is above the average of 159.04 kilograms. The country ranks 29th out of 187 countries in this metric.
Summary
Indonesia stands out in various key macroeconomic indicators, such as cereal production, aquaculture production, capture fisheries production, total fisheries production, and fertilizer consumption. These statistics indicate that Indonesia has a strong agricultural sector, particularly in fisheries and cereal production, showcasing its potential for food security and economic development. The above-average fertilizer consumption also suggests a commitment to enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability, which is crucial for ensuring long-term growth and self-sufficiency in food production.
Intellectual Property
Indonesia's Industrial design applications by nonresidents are below the average, ranking 21 out of 112 countries. For Industrial design applications by residents, Indonesia performs similarly, ranking 20 out of 113 countries.
Indonesia's Patent applications by nonresidents surpass the average, ranking 14 out of 129 countries. However, for Patent applications by residents, Indonesia falls below average, ranking 27 out of 117 countries.
Trademark applications by nonresidents in Indonesia are significantly above average, ranking 11 out of 130 countries. Conversely, for Trademark applications by residents, Indonesia is below average, ranking 16 out of 129 countries.
Indonesia's Scientific and technical journal articles production is above average, ranking 19 out of 192 countries. However, the Charges for the use of intellectual property (payments) are below average, ranking 31 out of 143 countries.
Charges for the use of intellectual property (receipts) for Indonesia are notably below average, ranking 47 out of 122 countries. Finally, the number of Researchers in R&D per million people in Indonesia is below average, ranking 59 out of 72 countries.
Summary
Indonesia generally performs well in terms of Industrial design applications by nonresidents and Patent applications by nonresidents, ranking above average globally. However, there is room for improvement in Patent applications by residents, Trademark applications by residents, Charges for the use of intellectual property (payments), Charges for the use of intellectual property (receipts), and the number of Researchers in R&D per million people.
These indicators are crucial as they reflect Indonesia's strengths and weaknesses in innovation, intellectual property protection, and research and development activities. Addressing the areas where Indonesia falls below average could help boost domestic innovation, attract more foreign investment, and enhance the country's competitiveness in the global economy.
Broad Economy Attributes
Indonesia's GDP (current US$) is $1.06 trillion, ranking 16th out of 189 countries with data available. This value is significantly above the average GDP of $442.87 billion.
The country's GDP, PPP (current international $) stands at $3.31 trillion, placing Indonesia at the 8th position out of 181 countries. This value is notably higher than the average GDP, PPP of $734.14 billion.
Indonesia's GDP per capita (current US$) is $3895.62, ranking 117th out of 190 countries. This value is below the average GDP per capita of $15462.11.
The GDP per capita, PPP (current international $) for Indonesia is $12160.72, placing Indonesia at the 99th position out of 181 countries. This value is under the average GDP per capita, PPP of $21251.89.
Indonesia's GNI (current US$) is approximately $1.03 trillion, ranking 16th out of 185 countries. This value is significantly above the average GNI of $452.04 billion.
The country's GNI, PPP (current international $) stands at $3.22 trillion, placing Indonesia at the 8th position out of 181 countries. This value is notably higher than the average GNI, PPP of $730.70 billion.
Indonesia's GNI per capita, PPP (current international $) is $11830, ranking 99th out of 181 countries. This value is below the average GNI per capita, PPP of $20615.75.
Summary
Indonesia's GDP and GNI figures, both in nominal and PPP terms, position the country above average on a global scale. However, the GDP per capita and GNI per capita statistics indicate that the wealth generated is not as evenly distributed among the population, showcasing potential income inequality challenges. These indicators are crucial in understanding the overall economic well-being of the country, its development prospects, and the potential social issues it may face in terms of income distribution.
Broad Value Added
Indonesia's Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) is $1.02 trillion, significantly higher than the average of $360.07 billion, ranking 15th out of 176 countries. The country's Agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added (% of GDP) stands at 13.70%, above the average of 10.86%, placing Indonesia 57th out of 182 countries. The Agriculture, forestry, and fishing value added in current US dollars for Indonesia is $145.07 billion, well above the average of $19.92 billion, placing Indonesia 4th out of 182 countries.
Indonesia's Services value added (% of GDP) is 44.41%, below the average of 56.72%, ranking the country 156th out of 183 countries. The Services value added in current US dollars is $470.36 billion for Indonesia, significantly exceeding the average of $295.84 billion, ranking 18th out of 183 countries. Finally, Indonesia's Industry (including construction) value added is $404.97 billion, significantly higher than the average of $118.42 billion, ranking 11th out of 183 countries.
Summary
Indonesia's macroeconomic indicators show a strong emphasis on the Agriculture, forestry, and fishing sector, with high contributions to both GDP and GVA compared to global averages. This indicates a significant reliance on the agricultural sector for economic output. However, the country also demonstrates robust performance in the Services and Industry sectors, with notable contributions to GDP and GVA, showcasing a diversified economy. These indicators are crucial as they highlight Indonesia's strengths and areas for potential growth, aiding policymakers in making informed decisions to further develop and sustain the country's economy.
Manufacturing Value Added
Indonesia's Manufacturing value added in current US dollars is $210.4 billion, significantly above the average of $76.2 billion, ranking 11th out of 173 countries. The Manufacturing value added as a percentage of GDP is 19.87%, higher than the average of 11.90%, placing Indonesia 19th out of 173 countries.
Indonesia's Medium and high-tech manufacturing value added (% of manufacturing value added) is 30.99%, surpassing the average of 24.49%, ranking 48th out of 149 countries. The Chemicals sector accounts for 12.10% of value added in manufacturing, slightly exceeding the average of 11.56%, ranking 31st out of 89 countries.
In the Food, beverages, and tobacco sector, Indonesia contributes 27.85% to the value added in manufacturing, higher than the average of 24.51%, placing the country 30th out of 92 nations. The Machinery and transport equipment sector, at 13.44% of value added in manufacturing, falls below the average of 16.85%, ranking 52nd out of 93 countries.
Indonesia excels in the Textiles and clothing sector with 11.23% of value added in manufacturing, well above the average of 6.33%, ranking 13th out of 93 countries. The country's contribution to Other manufacturing stands at 35.38%, lower than the average of 42.13%, placing Indonesia 66th out of 94 nations.
Summary
Indonesia's manufacturing sector demonstrates strength and diversity, with above-average contributions in key areas such as Medium and high-tech manufacturing, Chemicals, Food, beverages, and tobacco, and Textiles and clothing. While excelling in certain sectors, Indonesia faces challenges in Machinery and transport equipment and Other manufacturing. These findings are crucial as they showcase Indonesia's competitive advantage, areas for potential growth, and the country's role within the global manufacturing landscape.
Money
Indonesia's consumer price inflation stands at 1.92%, below the average of 8.26%. The country ranks 85th out of 165 countries in this regard.
Indonesia's GDP deflator inflation is -0.40%, significantly below the average of 6.90%. The country ranks 145th out of 188 countries for this metric.
Indonesia's broad money growth is at 12.53%, below the average of 18.03%. The country holds the 76th rank out of 139 countries in this aspect.
Indonesia's broad money as a percentage of GDP stands at 44.72%, below the average of 71.75%. The country is ranked 97th out of 139 countries for this indicator.
Indonesia's broad money to total reserves ratio is 3.48, which is below the average of 5.17. The country ranks 45th out of 126 countries in this metric.
Summary
Indonesia's key macroeconomic indicators suggest moderate consumer price inflation, deflation in GDP, and below-average growth in broad money metrics alongside a lower proportion of broad money to the GDP and total reserves. These statistics are crucial as they indicate Indonesia's economic stability, monetary policy effectiveness, and potential for further economic growth and development.
Consumption Expenditure
- Final consumption expenditure (current US$): Indonesia's current final consumption expenditure is
$726.40 billion, which is above the average of $381.63 billion. Indonesia ranks 16th out of 159 countries
in this attribute data.
- Final consumption expenditure (% of GDP): Indonesia's final consumption expenditure as a percentage of
GDP is 68.59%, below the average of 82.37%. Indonesia ranks 134th out of 159 countries in this attribute
data.
- General government final consumption expenditure (current US$): Indonesia's current general government
final consumption expenditure is $102.26 billion, above the average of $93.68 billion. Indonesia ranks
22nd out of 158 countries in this attribute data.
- General government final consumption expenditure (% of GDP): Indonesia's general government final
consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP is 9.66%, below the average of 18.71%. Indonesia ranks
140th out of 158 countries in this attribute data.
- Household and NPISHs Final consumption expenditure (current US$): Indonesia's current household and
NPISHs final consumption expenditure is $624.14 billion, above the average of $290.13 billion. Indonesia
ranks 16th out of 158 countries in this attribute data.
- Households and NPISHs final consumption expenditure (% of GDP): Indonesia's household and NPISHs final
consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP is 58.93%, below the average of 63.68%. Indonesia ranks
93rd out of 158 countries in this attribute data.
Summary
Indonesia's final consumption expenditure is significantly higher than the global average, positioning it 16th among 159 countries. However, both the general government and household final consumption expenditure as a percentage of GDP in Indonesia are below the global average, ranking 134th and 140th respectively. These statistics are vital as they reflect the distribution of spending between government, households, and the overall economy, indicating areas where Indonesia may need to adjust its economic policies to achieve better balance and sustainable growth.
Equities
- Listed domestic companies, total: Indonesia has 713 listed domestic companies, which is higher than the average of 636.625. This puts Indonesia at rank 13 out of 72 countries in the dataset.
- Stocks traded, total value (current US$): Indonesia's total value of $131,144,740,000 for stocks traded is significantly below the average of $1,379,501,951,820.91. This places Indonesia at rank 19 out of 71 countries.
- Stocks traded, total value (% of GDP): Indonesia's value of stocks traded as a percentage of GDP is 12.38%, which is lower than the average of 31.65%. Indonesia ranks 25th out of 71 countries in this metric.
- Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (current US$): Indonesia's market capitalization of listed domestic companies is $496,086,050,000, below the average of $1,196,037,851,618.88. Indonesia holds the 18th position out of 73 countries.
- Market capitalization of listed domestic companies (% of GDP): Indonesia's market capitalization as a percentage of GDP is 46.84%, which is under the average of 71.24%. Indonesia is ranked 33rd out of 73 countries in this aspect.
- S&P Global Equity Indices (annual % change): Indonesia's S&P Global Equity Indices show a decrease of 9.67%, contrasting with the average increase of 2.06%. This places Indonesia at the 60th rank out of 79 countries.
Summary
Indonesia's macroeconomic indicators reveal a mixed performance in the financial markets. While the country has a high number of listed domestic companies, it lags behind in terms of total stock value, market capitalization, and S&P Global Equity Indices performance compared to the dataset averages. These statistics are crucial as they illustrate Indonesia's standing in the global market, highlighting areas where the country may need to focus on improving to attract more investment and boost economic growth.
Investment
Indonesia's Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$) is -14142473958.17, ranking 158 out of 169 countries. This value is significantly below the average of -1615235980.51.
For Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$), Indonesia received 19175077747.81, ranking 17 out of 182 countries. This value is notably above the average of 5749271080.15.
Indonesia's Foreign direct investment, net inflows (% of GDP) is 1.81%, ranking 86 out of 178 countries. This percentage is below the average of 2.61%.
Regarding Foreign direct investment, net outflows (BoP, current US$), Indonesia had 5032603789.63, ranking 23 out of 156 countries. It is below the average of 5707991116.07.
For Foreign direct investment, net outflows (% of GDP), Indonesia recorded 0.48%, ranking 52 out of 155 countries. This is below the average of 1.00%.
Indonesia's Portfolio Investment, net (BoP, current US$) stands at -3368890603.59, ranking 141 out of 159 countries. This value falls below the average of 679559169.57.
Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$) for Indonesia is 10492850000, ranking 4 out of 59 countries. This value is substantially above the average of 4134263915.25.
Indonesia's Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$) amount to -4361642808.60, ranking 113 out of 125 countries. This value is below the average of 9197145994.70.
Summary
Indonesia's performance in foreign direct investment and portfolio investment indicators varies across different metrics. While the country attracts significant net inflows in foreign direct investment, it exhibits lower levels of net outflows. Additionally, Indonesia's portfolio equity net inflows are below the global average. This mix of strong inflows in certain areas and weaker outflows in others could impact the country's investment landscape, potentially requiring strategic adjustments to ensure balanced capital flows and sustainable economic growth.
Debt
Indonesia's Total debt service (% of GNI) is 6.56% which is slightly higher than the average of 5.98%. Indonesia ranks 41 out of 120 countries in this attribute.
In terms of Public and publicly guaranteed debt service (% of GNI), Indonesia's value of 2.72% is below the average of 2.84%. Indonesia ranks 50 out of 120 countries in this aspect.
Indonesia's External debt stocks (% of GNI) stand at 40.50%, significantly lower than the average of 65.42%. Indonesia ranks 75 out of 120 countries for this indicator.
The Debt service on external debt, total (TDS, current US$) for Indonesia is $67,616,727,774.10, considerably higher than the average of $9,811,195,839.23. Indonesia secures the 7th rank out of 123 countries in this metric.
For Debt service on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (TDS, current US$), Indonesia's value of $28,035,080,214.50 is much higher than the average of $3,310,612,057.60. Indonesia ranks 5 out of 123 countries in this category.
Indonesia's External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$) amount to $248,069,847,245.30, significantly above the average of $28,695,879,144.98. Indonesia secures the 3rd rank out of 123 countries for this attribute.
In terms of External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$), Indonesia's value of $121,773,041,643.40 is notably higher than the average of $33,734,699,285.22. Indonesia ranks 8th out of 91 countries in this aspect.
Indonesia's External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) are $417,182,846,729.30, significantly exceeding the average of $73,845,530,111.82. Indonesia secures the 7th rank out of 123 countries for this indicator.
Summary
Indonesia generally shows a mixed performance in key macroeconomic debt indicators when compared to global averages. While the country has a lower Public and publicly guaranteed debt service (% of GNI) and External debt stocks (% of GNI), it faces higher Total debt service (% of GNI) and Debt service on external debt figures. These statistics are crucial as they reflect Indonesia's ability to manage its debt obligations, attract investments, and maintain financial stability amidst global economic challenges.
Broad Trade Attributes
Indonesia's Trade (% of GDP) stands at 32.97%, below the average of 82.34%. This places Indonesia at rank 150 out of 163 countries included in the data.
Merchandise trade (% of GDP) for Indonesia is 28.79%, below the average of 60.01%, positioning Indonesia at rank 164 out of 186 countries.
Trade in services (% of GDP) is at 3.76% for Indonesia, significantly lower than the average of 24.63%. This places Indonesia at rank 170 out of 171 countries.
Indonesia's External balance on goods and services amounts to $17,899,733,711.22, much higher than the average of $3,405,509,011.13, leading Indonesia to rank 21 out of 163 countries.
The External balance on goods and services (% of GDP) for Indonesia is 1.69%, above the average of -5.97%, positioning Indonesia at rank 51 out of 163 countries.
Summary
Indonesia's trade indicators reveal a mixed picture: while its overall trade as a percentage of GDP is significantly below the global average, the country performs relatively well in merchandise trade. However, the analysis shows that Indonesia lags behind in services trade compared to other nations. Despite this, Indonesia's strong external balance on goods and services, both in absolute terms and as a percentage of GDP, positions the country favorably in the global market.
These findings are crucial for understanding Indonesia's economic competitiveness and integration into the global economy. A low trade-to-GDP ratio coupled with a weak performance in services trade suggests potential areas for improvement to boost overall trade resilience. On the other hand, the positive external balance figures signify Indonesia's strength in exporting goods and services, which can contribute significantly to the country's economic growth and stability.
Net Trade
Indonesia's current account balance is below the average at -4433269738.48785 USD, ranking 149th out of 170 countries in the dataset. The current account balance as a percentage of GDP is also below average at -0.42%, positioning Indonesia at 73rd out of 170 countries.
Indonesia's net trade in goods and services is significantly above the average at 18545794316.1108 USD, landing Indonesia at the 19th position out of 171 countries. The net primary income for Indonesia is well below the average at -28910574948.5862 USD, placing Indonesia at 161st out of 170 countries.
Indonesia's net secondary income is above the average at 5931510893.98739 USD, ranking Indonesia 21st out of 170 countries. The net trade in goods for Indonesia is significantly higher than average at 28301275850.4687 USD, positioning Indonesia at 17th out of 171 countries.
Indonesia's net capital account is below the average at 36912807.9980489 USD, with a rank of 87 out of 159 countries. The net financial account for Indonesia is substantially below average at -5287817748.8531 USD, placing Indonesia at 149th out of 170 countries.
Summary
Indonesia's current account balance, net primary income, and net financial account are below average, indicating potential challenges in international trade and financial transactions. On the other hand, Indonesia's net trade in goods and services, net secondary income, and net trade in goods are above average, showcasing strengths in these areas. These findings are crucial as they highlight Indonesia's competitive position in the global economy and areas where the country may need to focus on improving to maintain its economic stability and competitiveness.
Broad Export Attributes
- Exports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$): Indonesia's value of
$183,639,726,481.52 is above the average of $146,238,908,936.30. It ranks 31 out of 170 countries in the
dataset.
- Exports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): Indonesia's value of $178,417,791,402.01 is above the
average of $122,938,540,059.78. It ranks 30 out of 170 countries.
- Exports of goods and services (current US$): Indonesia's value of $183,546,577,015.85 is above the
average of $129,596,864,610.19. It ranks 30 out of 163 countries.
- Exports of goods and services (% of GDP): Indonesia's value of 17.33% is below the average of 38.19%. It
ranks 129 out of 163 countries.
- Goods exports (BoP, current US$): Indonesia's value of $163,401,805,727.82 is above the average of
$93,310,581,697.39. It ranks 28 out of 171 countries.
- International tourism, receipts (% of total exports): Indonesia's value of 1.98% is below the average of
9.74%. It ranks 86 out of 120 countries.
- ICT goods exports (% of total goods exports): Indonesia's value of 3.33% is below the average of 3.81%.
It ranks 35 out of 142 countries.
Summary
Indonesia demonstrates a strong performance in exports across various categories, ranking above average in terms of export values compared to a large dataset of countries. However, Indonesia's percentage of exports to GDP is relatively low, indicating potential for further economic growth through expanding its export sector. Improving this ratio could lead to increased economic stability and prosperity for Indonesia.
Merchandise Exports
Indonesia's merchandise exports amount to $163.31 billion, placing them at rank 30 out of 187 countries. This value is significantly higher than the average merchandise exports of $89.54 billion.
The country's agricultural raw materials exports account for 5.10% of merchandise exports, which is above the average of 2.97%. Indonesia ranks 25 out of 151 countries in this category.
Indonesia's food exports contribute 23.61% to its merchandise exports, slightly below the average of 24.06%. The country ranks 55 out of 152 nations in this aspect.
With fuel exports making up 15.63% of merchandise exports, Indonesia surpasses the average of 13.70%. The country holds the 40th position out of 147 countries in this field.
When it comes to ores and metals exports, Indonesia's share is 5.57% of merchandise exports, falling below the average of 9.10%. The country ranks 52 out of 152 nations in this category.
Indonesia's residual merchandise exports stand at 0.01% of the total, significantly lower than the average of 3.20%. The country ranks 131 out of 166 countries in this segment.
Summary
Indonesia performs above average in agricultural raw materials and fuel exports, surpassing global averages in these categories. However, the country falls below average in food and ores/metals exports, indicating potential areas for growth and development in diversifying its export portfolio.
These findings are crucial as they highlight Indonesia's strengths and weaknesses in key export sectors, providing valuable insights for policymakers and businesses to focus on enhancing competitiveness in underperforming areas while further leveraging its strengths to drive economic growth and sustainability.
Technology Exports
Indonesia's manufactures exports account for 46.61% of its merchandise exports, which is above the average of 42.62%. The country ranks 68th out of 152 countries in this attribute.
The value of high-technology exports in Indonesia is $6,408,687,624, significantly below the average of $16,655,934,078.80. Indonesia holds the 32nd position out of 151 countries.
Indonesia's high-technology exports as a percentage of manufactured exports stand at 8.42%, lower than the average of 10.15%. The country is ranked 63rd out of 150 in this aspect.
In terms of medium and high-tech exports as a percentage of manufactured exports, Indonesia's 31.58% falls below the average of 34.29%. The country holds the 77th spot out of 149 countries.
Summary
Indonesia's performance in key macroeconomic indicators for manufacturing and high-technology exports falls below global averages, with rankings ranging from 32nd to 77th among countries surveyed. These statistics are crucial as they reflect Indonesia's competitive position in the global market, indicating areas where the country may need to focus on improving its manufacturing capabilities and technological advancements to enhance its export potential and economic growth prospects.
Service Exports
Analysis of Key Service Export Attributes for Indonesia:
1. Service Exports (BoP, current US$): Indonesia's value is significantly below the average, ranking 43 out of 171 countries.
2. ICT Service Exports (BoP, current US$): Indonesia's value is below the average, ranking 48 out of 166 countries.
3. ICT Service Exports (% of Service Exports, BoP): Indonesia's value is below the average, ranking 86 out of 166 countries.
4. Communications, Computer, etc. (% of Service Exports, BoP): Indonesia's value is above the average, ranking 58 out of 169 countries.
5. Transport Services (% of Service Exports, BoP): Indonesia's value is below the average, ranking 88 out of 169 countries.
6. Travel Services (% of Service Exports, BoP): Indonesia's value is below the average, ranking 76 out of 167 countries.
7. Insurance and Financial Services (% of Service Exports, BoP): Indonesia's value is below the average, ranking 57 out of 161 countries.
Summary
Indonesia's key service export attributes indicate that the country is performing below the average in most categories, with some sectors ranking higher than others. Particularly noteworthy is Indonesia's strong performance in Communications, Computer, etc. service exports, despite lagging behind in areas such as ICT, Transport, Travel, Insurance, and Financial Services. These findings are crucial as they highlight areas where Indonesia can further develop and specialize to improve its overall service export competitiveness and contribution to the economy.
Commercial Service Exports
Indonesia's Commercial service exports amount to $14,367,355,826.63, ranking 43 out of 171 countries. This value is below the attribute average of $28,508,218,402.80.
Travel services account for 23.54% of Indonesia's commercial service exports, placing it at rank 77 out of 167 countries. This percentage is below the attribute average of 27.89%.
Indonesia's Computer, communications, and other services make up 53.84% of its commercial service exports, ranking 59 out of 169 countries. This value is above the attribute average of 42.44%.
Insurance and financial services contribute 5.63% to Indonesia's commercial service exports, placing it at rank 58 out of 161 countries. This percentage is below the attribute average of 6.97%.
Transport services represent 17.00% of Indonesia's commercial service exports, ranking 94 out of 169 countries. This percentage is below the attribute average of 23.37%.
Summary
Indonesia's commercial service exports are below the global average, with significant contributions from computer, communications, and other services. However, travel services and transport services fall below the global average percentage contribution. These findings are essential as they highlight areas for potential growth and improvement in Indonesia's service export sector, which can boost economic development and competitiveness in the global market.
Broad Import Attributes
1. Imports of goods and services (current US$): Indonesia's value is $165.65 billion, which is above the average of $126.19 billion. Indonesia ranks 31st out of 163 countries in this attribute.
2. Imports of goods and services (% of GDP): Indonesia's value is 15.64%, below the average of 44.15%. Indonesia ranks 158th out of 163 countries in this attribute.
3. International tourism, expenditures (% of total imports): Indonesia's value is 1.24%, below the average of 3.98%. Indonesia ranks 113th out of 131 countries in this attribute.
4. ICT goods imports (% total goods imports): Indonesia's value is 9.43%, above the average of 6.85%. Indonesia ranks 28th out of 143 countries in this attribute.
5. Goods imports (BoP, current US$): Indonesia's value is $135.10 billion, above the average of $92.01 billion. Indonesia ranks 27th out of 171 countries in this attribute.
6. Imports of goods and services (BoP, current US$): Indonesia's value is $159.87 billion, above the average of $120.32 billion. Indonesia ranks 30th out of 170 countries in this attribute.
7. Imports of goods, services and primary income (BoP, current US$): Indonesia's value is $194.00 billion, above the average of $144.51 billion. Indonesia ranks 29th out of 170 countries in this attribute.
Summary
Indonesia exhibits a strong reliance on imports, as seen through various indicators such as total goods and services imports, ICT goods imports, and goods imports. While the country's total import value is above average, its imports as a percentage of GDP are relatively low, indicating potential room for increased trade activity. The country's lower-than-average international tourism expenditures as a percentage of total imports suggest opportunities for growth in the tourism sector to enhance economic diversification and foreign exchange earnings.
These findings are important as they highlight Indonesia's position in the global trade landscape, shedding light on its trade dependencies, economic openness, and sectoral priorities. Understanding these indicators can aid policymakers in formulating strategies to boost domestic production, enhance export competitiveness, and attract more tourism revenues, ultimately contributing to sustainable economic development and resilience.
Merchandise Imports
- Merchandise imports (current US$): Indonesia's merchandise imports value of $141.62 billion is significantly above the average of $89.39 billion, ranking 29th out of 190 countries in the dataset.
- Manufactures imports (% of merchandise imports): Indonesia's percentage of manufactures imports, at 68.78%, is slightly above the average of 66.76%, placing it 68th out of 152 countries.
- Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports): Indonesia's value of 2.51% for agricultural raw materials imports is notably higher than the average of 1.27%, ranking 12th out of 152 countries.
- Food imports (% of merchandise imports): Indonesia's food imports account for 12.61% of merchandise imports, below the average of 15.89%, positioning it at 95th out of 152 countries.
- Fuel imports (% of merchandise imports): Indonesia's fuel imports represent 11.15% of merchandise imports, slightly below the average of 11.38%, placing it 74th out of 152 countries.
- Ores and metals imports (% of merchandise imports): Indonesia's ores and metals imports as a percentage of merchandise imports stand at 3.42%, higher than the average of 2.57%, ranking 37th out of 152 countries.
- Merchandise imports by the reporting economy, residual (% of total merchandise imports): Indonesia's value of 2.58% for residual merchandise imports is slightly above the average of 2.51%, positioning it at 36th out of 180 countries.
Summary
Indonesia's macroeconomic indicators reveal a strong reliance on imports, with a notable emphasis on manufactured goods and agricultural raw materials. The country ranks high in the percentage of agricultural raw materials imports and ores and metals imports, indicating a diverse import profile. Understanding these import dynamics is crucial for Indonesia's economic planning and trade strategies, as it highlights the sectors where the country is dependent on external sources and where potential vulnerabilities may lie.
Service Imports
Indonesia's service imports amount to $24,771,467,208.56, ranking 33 out of 171 countries. This value is below the attribute average of $27,615,356,170.47.
The percentage of communications, computer, etc. in Indonesia's service imports is 54.43%, ranking 52 out of 169 countries. This value exceeds the attribute average of 44.40%.
Transport services represent 29.54% of Indonesia's service imports, ranking 82 out of 169 countries. This percentage is below the attribute average of 32.90%.
Travel services constitute 7.05% of Indonesia's service imports, ranking 121 out of 169 countries. This value is below the attribute average of 14.14%.
Insurance and financial services make up 8.97% of Indonesia's service imports, ranking 59 out of 169 countries. Indonesia's value is slightly above the attribute average of 8.53%.
Summary
Indonesia's service imports show a unique composition compared to the global average. The country has a higher percentage of communications and computer services, exceeding the global average, while transport services make up a smaller portion. This indicates a reliance on technology-related services and potentially efficient transportation networks. The significant position of insurance and financial services may reflect a growing financial sector in Indonesia, attracting foreign investment and fostering economic development.
Commercial Service Imports
1. Commercial service imports (current US$): Indonesia's value of $24,714,767,460.17 is below the average of $27,102,746,128.60. Indonesia ranks 33rd out of 171 countries in this attribute.
2. Computer, communications and other services (% of commercial service imports): Indonesia's value of 54.33% is above the average of 41.71%. Indonesia ranks 50th out of 169 countries in this attribute.
3. Insurance and financial services (% of commercial service imports): Indonesia's value of 8.99% is above the average of 8.85%. Indonesia ranks 62nd out of 169 countries in this attribute.
4. Transport services (% of commercial service imports): Indonesia's value of 29.61% is below the average of 34.71%. Indonesia ranks 87th out of 169 countries in this attribute.
5. Travel services (% of commercial service imports): Indonesia's value of 7.07% is below the average of 14.73%. Indonesia ranks 122nd out of 169 countries in this attribute.
Summary
Indonesia's commercial service imports amount to $24.7 billion, ranking 33rd globally. The country shows a higher reliance on computer, communications, and other services compared to average, ranking 50th. Additionally, Indonesia's significant allocation towards insurance and financial services, transport services, and travel services suggests a diversified services sector, though with varying competitiveness in comparison to global averages.
These indicators are crucial as they highlight Indonesia's participation in the global services trade. The higher emphasis on certain service sectors could signify areas of strength and potential growth opportunities for the country. Understanding these dynamics can aid policymakers in fostering the development of key service industries, enhancing competitiveness, and contributing to economic growth.
Infrastructure
Indonesia's air freight transport volume is 674.8 million ton-km, below the average of 1384.4 million ton-km, ranking 31st out of 126 countries. The country performs above average in registered carrier departures worldwide with 425,057 departures, compared to the average of 134,365 departures, ranking 7th out of 149 countries. Indonesia's passenger volume is 37.5 million, well above the average of 11.8 million passengers, ranking 9th out of 149 countries. The country handles 11,169,757 TEUs in container port traffic, surpassing the average of 6,907,110 TEUs, ranking 15th out of 110 countries.
Summary
Indonesia stands out in air freight transport, registered carrier departures, passenger volume, and container port traffic compared to global averages and rankings. Its performance in these key macroeconomic indicators reflects a robust transportation infrastructure and signifies significant economic activity and connectivity with global markets. These statistics are vital as they showcase Indonesia's competitiveness, efficiency, and attractiveness for trade and investment, contributing to its overall economic growth and development.
Information Technology Infrastructure
Indonesia has 513,564 secure internet servers, ranking 23rd out of 193 countries. This is higher than the average of 458,294.19 servers per country.
With 1889.09 secure internet servers per 1 million people, Indonesia ranks 67th out of 193 countries. The country falls below the average of 14067.17 servers per 1 million people.
53.73% of Indonesia's population uses the internet, placing the country 124th out of 180 countries. This percentage is lower than the average of 64.77% internet users in the population.
Indonesia has 11,722,218 fixed broadband subscriptions, ranking 17th out of 185 countries. The number of subscriptions is notably higher than the average of 6,591,956.35 subscriptions per country.
With 355,620,388 mobile cellular subscriptions, Indonesia ranks 3rd out of 193 countries. This figure significantly surpasses the average of 42,526,463.87 subscriptions per country.
Summary
Indonesia demonstrates strong performance in terms of mobile cellular subscriptions, ranking 3rd globally with 355,620,388 subscriptions. However, the country lags behind in other areas such as internet usage per population and secure internet servers relative to the global average. These indicators are crucial as they reflect Indonesia's connectivity infrastructure, which plays a vital role in economic growth, digital transformation, and participation in the global economy.
Energy Consumption
Indonesia's renewable energy consumption stands at 22.01% of total final energy consumption, below the global average of 32.18%. The country ranks 101 out of 191 countries in this metric.
Indonesia's CO2 emissions amount to 563,197 kt, significantly higher than the average of 171,895.94 kt. This places Indonesia at the 9th rank out of 188 countries in CO2 emissions.
Summary
Indonesia's renewable energy consumption is below the global average, ranking 101 out of 191 countries, indicating room for improvement in diversifying its energy sources. On the other hand, Indonesia's high CO2 emissions, placing it 9th out of 188 countries, highlight the urgent need for sustainable environmental policies to mitigate climate change impacts and ensure long-term environmental sustainability.
Government Balance Sheet
- Net acquisition of financial assets (% of GDP): Indonesia's value is 1.82% of GDP, below the average of
2.45%. Indonesia is ranked 41 out of 87 countries in this dataset.
- Central government debt, total (% of GDP): Indonesia's value stands at 42.90% of GDP, notably below the
average of 74.12%. The country is ranked 47 out of 61 countries.
- Net incurrence of liabilities, total (% of GDP): Indonesia's value is 7.96% of GDP, slightly above the
average of 7.43%. This places Indonesia at rank 37 out of 92 countries.
- Total reserves (% of total external debt): Indonesia's percentage is 32.58%, significantly lower than
the average of 66.13%. The country holds the 56th position out of 102 countries.
- Reserves and related items (BoP, current US$): Indonesia's value is $2.60 billion, surpassing the
average of $1.92 billion. Indonesia ranks 26 out of 171 countries.
- Total reserves minus gold (current US$): Indonesia's reserves amount to $131.14 billion, exceeding the
average of $74.22 billion. It ranks 17 out of 161 countries.
- Total reserves (includes gold, current US$): Indonesia's total reserves are $135.92 billion,
significantly higher than the average of $85.71 billion. The country ranks 20 out of 161 countries.
- Total reserves in months of imports: Indonesia's reserves cover approximately 8.41 months of imports,
higher than the average of 7.10 months. It holds the 40th position out of 151 countries.
Summary
Indonesia performs moderately well on various key macroeconomic indicators compared to global averages. The country has lower central government debt and higher reserves, indicating a stable economic position. These statistics are crucial as they reflect Indonesia's financial resilience, ability to manage debt, and safeguard against external economic shocks.
Government Revenue
- Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP): Indonesia's value of 10.54% is below the average of 27.02%. It
ranks 116 out of 122 countries in the dataset.
- Grants and other revenue (% of revenue): Indonesia's value of 22.02% is below the average of 23.54%. It
ranks 37 out of 108 countries in the dataset.
- Taxes on goods and services (% of revenue): Indonesia's value of 38.11% is above the average of 31.82%.
It ranks 40 out of 122 countries in the dataset.
- Taxes on international trade (% of revenue): Indonesia's value of 2.20% is below the average of 6.24%.
It ranks 70 out of 101 countries in the dataset.
- Other taxes (% of revenue): Indonesia's value of 1.58% is below the average of 2.12%. It ranks 43 out of
106 countries in the dataset.
- Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of revenue): Indonesia's value of 36.10% is above the
average of 24.66%. It ranks 21 out of 119 countries in the dataset.
Summary
Indonesia's revenue composition indicates a lower reliance on grants and other revenue sources compared to taxes, especially taxes on goods and services, and income. This suggests that Indonesia's tax system plays a significant role in generating revenue for the country. The high proportion of taxes on income, profits, and capital gains signifies a substantial contribution from individual and corporate taxes to Indonesia's fiscal stability and development. This emphasis on taxation over grants could indicate a level of self-sufficiency in funding government operations and economic initiatives.
Taxes
Indonesia's Tax revenue (% of GDP) stands at 8.31%, below the average of 16.72%. The country ranks 113 out of 123 countries in this attribute.
For Taxes on exports (% of tax revenue), Indonesia's value is 0.33%, well below the average of 2.54%. The country ranks 15 out of 36 countries in this category.
Customs and other import duties (% of tax revenue) in Indonesia is 2.48%, lower than the average of 9.01%. Indonesia ranks 75 out of 99 countries in this aspect.
Indonesia's Taxes on income, profits and capital gains (% of total taxes) is 46.29%, higher than the average of 38.40%. The country ranks 33 out of 120 countries in this attribute.
Regarding Tariff rate, applied, weighted mean, all products (%), Indonesia has a value of 2.04%, lower than the average of 5.21%. The country ranks 97 out of 153 countries in this statistic.
Summary
Indonesia's tax revenue as a percentage of GDP is significantly below the global average, placing the country at a low ranking globally. Taxes on exports and customs duties in Indonesia are also notably below average, indicating potential areas for revenue enhancement. However, Indonesia's higher proportion of taxes on income, profits, and capital gains compared to the global average shows some strength in domestic revenue generation. The relatively low weighted mean tariff rate on all products may reflect Indonesia's trade policies aimed at promoting economic activity.
Government Expenses
1. Expense (% of GDP): Indonesia's expense as a percentage of GDP is 16.54%, which is below the average of 31.69%. With a rank of 108 out of 123 countries, Indonesia ranks lower in this aspect.
2. Compensation of employees (% of expense): Indonesia's compensation of employees as a percentage of expense is 14.77%, lower than the average of 24.70%. Indonesia is ranked 89 out of 123 countries in this category.
3. Goods and services expense (% of expense): Indonesia spends 11.53% on goods and services relative to its expenses, which is below the average of 14.77%. Its rank of 63 out of 122 countries indicates a slightly better position in this area.
4. Interest payments (% of expense): Indonesia allocates 12.30% of its expenses to interest payments, higher than the average of 6.85%. This places Indonesia at rank 20 out of 121 countries in terms of this metric.
5. Other expense (% of expense): Indonesia's allocation of 12.89% of expenses to other costs is higher than the average of 8.29%. With a rank of 24 out of 120 countries, Indonesia is relatively high in this category.
6. Subsidies and other transfers (% of expense): Indonesia dedicates 48.52% of its expenses to subsidies and transfers, surpassing the average of 43.29%. Indonesia ranks 46 out of 121 countries in this regard.
Summary
Indonesia's macroeconomic indicators reveal a mixed picture of fiscal management. While the country's expenses as a percentage of GDP are below the average, its allocation towards interest payments and other expenses exceeds the global average. Indonesia's heavy reliance on subsidies and transfers, which is higher than average, indicates a significant portion of its expenses allocated to these areas. These findings are crucial as they highlight Indonesia's priorities in budget allocation, showcasing areas where the country may need to reassess its spending to achieve a more balanced and sustainable fiscal policy.
Top Stats
Ranks in Top Decile For:
| Attribute | Rank/Total |
|---|---|
| Population, total | 4/194 |
| Population ages 0-14, total | 5/194 |
| Population ages 15-64, total | 4/194 |
| Population ages 65 and above, total | 8/194 |
| Rural population | 4/190 |
| Urban population | 5/194 |
| Armed forces personnel, total | 9/164 |
| Forest area (sq. km) | 8/191 |
| Land area (sq. km) | 14/194 |
| Surface area (sq. km) | 14/194 |
| Arable land (hectares) | 13/190 |
| Land under cereal production (hectares) | 13/174 |
| Average precipitation in depth (mm per year) | 9/178 |
| Renewable internal freshwater resources, total (billion cubic meters) | 7/178 |
| Coal rents (% of GDP) | 6/65 |
| Cereal production (metric tons) | 7/174 |
| Aquaculture production (metric tons) | 2/180 |
| Capture fisheries production (metric tons) | 2/190 |
| Total fisheries production (metric tons) | 2/182 |
| Trademark applications, nonresident, by count | 11/130 |
| Scientific and technical journal articles | 19/192 |
| GDP (current US$) | 16/189 |
| GDP, PPP (current international $) | 8/181 |
| GNI (current US$) | 16/185 |
| GNI, PPP (current international $) | 8/181 |
| Gross value added at basic prices (GVA) (current US$) | 15/176 |
| Agriculture, forestry, and fishing, value added (current US$) | 4/182 |
| Services, value added (current US$) | 18/183 |
| Industry (including construction), value added (current US$) | 11/183 |
| Manufacturing, value added (current US$) | 11/173 |
| Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) | 17/182 |
| Portfolio investment, bonds (PPG + PNG) (NFL, current US$) | 4/59 |
| Debt service on external debt, total (TDS, current US$) | 7/123 |
| Debt service on external debt, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (TDS, current US$) | 5/123 |
| External debt stocks, public and publicly guaranteed (PPG) (DOD, current US$) | 3/123 |
| External debt stocks, private nonguaranteed (PNG) (DOD, current US$) | 8/91 |
| External debt stocks, total (DOD, current US$) | 7/123 |
| Net trade in goods (BoP, current US$) | 17/171 |
| Agricultural raw materials imports (% of merchandise imports) | 12/152 |
| Air transport, registered carrier departures worldwide | 7/149 |
| Air transport, passengers carried | 9/149 |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 17/185 |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 3/193 |
| CO2 emissions (kt) | 9/188 |
Ranks in Bottom Decile For:
| Attribute | Rank/Total |
|---|---|
| Foreign direct investment, net (BoP, current US$) | 158/169 |
| Portfolio equity, net inflows (BoP, current US$) | 113/125 |
| Trade (% of GDP) | 150/163 |
| Trade in services (% of GDP) | 170/171 |
| Net primary income (BoP, current US$) | 161/170 |
| Imports of goods and services (% of GDP) | 158/163 |
| Revenue, excluding grants (% of GDP) | 116/122 |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 113/123 |